IP connectivity Flashcards
1
Q
Does a router prefer a lower or higher AD when selecting routes?
A
lower
2
Q
Does a router prefer a lower or higher metric when selecting routes?
A
lower
3
Q
Dynamic routing: What does IGP stand for?
A
Interior Gateway Protocol
4
Q
Dynamic routing: What does EGP stand for?
A
Exterior Gateway Protocol
5
Q
IGPs are used to share routes within a single […]
A
autonomous system (AS)
6
Q
EGPs are used to share routes between different […]
A
autonomous systems (AS)
7
Q
What are the two types of IGP?
A
Distance Vector
Link State
8
Q
What is the single type of EGP?
A
Path Vector
9
Q
What does EIGRP stand for?
A
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
10
Q
What does BGP stand for?
A
Border Gateway Protocol
11
Q
What kind of dynamic routing protocol operates using ‘routing by rumor’?
A
Distance Vector
12
Q
What does ECMP stand for?
A
Equal Cost Multi-Path (load-balancing)
13
Q
Route protocol/type: Directly connected
AD: […]
A
0
14
Q
Route protocol/type: Static
AD: […]
A
1
15
Q
Route protocol/type: EIGRP
AD: […]
A
90
16
Q
Route protocol/type: IGRP
AD: […]
A
100
17
Q
Route protocol/type: OSPF
AD: […]
A
110
18
Q
Route protocol/type: IS-IS
AD: […]
A
115
19
Q
Route protocol/type: RIP
AD: […]
A
120
20
Q
Route protocol/type: EIGRP (external)
AD: […]
A
170
21
Q
Route protocol/type: Unusable route
AD: […]
A
255
22
Q
Configure a static route, and specify the AD:
R1(config)# […]
A
ip route destination mask next-hop AD
(ie. ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 10.0.13.2 115)
23
Q
What is the name for a static route which has a higher AD than a route learned via a dynamic routing protocol?
A
Floating static route
24
Q
Which version of OSPF is usually used for IPv4?
A
OSPFv2
25
Which version of OSPF is used for IPv6?
OSPFv3
26
OSPF: What does LSA stand for?
Link State Advertisement
27
OSPF: What does LSDB stand for?
Link State Database
28
OSPF [...] are organized in a structure called the LSDB.
LSAs
29
OSPF LSAs have a default aging timer of [time]
30 minutes
30
OSPF: An [...] is a set of routers and links that share the same LSDB.
area
31
OSPF: The [...] area (area 0) is an area that all other areas must connect to.
backbone
32
OSPF: Routers with all interfaces in the same area are called [...] routers.
internal
33
OSPF: Routers with interfaces in multiple areas are called [...].
area border routers (ABRs)
34
OSPF: It is recommend that you connect an ABR to a maximum of [...] areas.
2
35
OSPF: Routers connected to the backbone area (area 0) are called [...] routers.
backbone
36
OSPF: An [...] route is a route to a destination inside the same OSPF area.
intra-area
37
OSPF: An [...] route is a route to a destination in a different OSPF area.
interarea
38
Enter OSPF configuration mode:
R1(config)# [...]
router ospf process-id
39
Enable OSPF on interfaces in the specified range:
R1(config-router)# [...]
network ip-address wildcard-mask area area
40
Prevent an OSPF router from sending OSPF messages out of an OSPF-enabled interface:
R1(config-router)# [...]
passive-interface interface-id
41
Configure an OSPF router to advertise its default route into the OSPF domain:
R1(config-router)# [...]
default-information originate
42
Modify the OSPF AD on the local router:
R1(config-router)# [...]
distance value
43
OSPF Router ID selection priority:
1. Manual configuration
2. Highest IP address on a loopback interface
3. Highest IP address on a physical interface
44
OSPF: What does ASBR stand for?
Autonomous System Boundary Router
45
An [...] is an OSPF router that connects the OSPF network to an external network.
autonomous system boundary router (ASBR)
46
Does the OSPF process ID have to match for two routers to become OSPF neighbors?
No
47
Manually configure the OSPF router ID:
R1(config-router)# [...]
router-id a.b.c.d
48
What is the formula to calculate OSPF interface cost?
Reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth = cost
49
What is the default OSPF reference bandwidth?
100 mbps
50
Configure the OSPF reference bandwidth:
R1(config-router)# [...]
auto-cost reference-bandwidth megabits-per-second
51
What is the OSPF cost of a loopback interface?
1
52
Configure the OSPF cost of an interface:
R1(config-if)# [...]
ip ospf cost cost
53
What is the default OSPF Hello timer on an Ethernet connection?
10 seconds
54
What is the default OSPF Dead timer on an Ethernet connection?
40 seconds
55
What is the multicast address for all OSPF routers?
224.0.0.5
56
OSPF neighbor states:
1. Down
2. Init
3. 2-way
4. Exstart
5. Exchange
6. Loading
7. Full
57
If no Hello messages have been received, the OSPF neighbor state is [...].
Down
58
If a router receives an OSPF Hello packet but its own router ID is not in the Hello packet, the neighbor state is [...].
Init
59
When an OSPF router receives a Hello packet with its own router ID, the OSPF neighbor state is [...].
2-way
60
OSPF DR/BDRs are elected in the [...] neighbor state.
2-way
61
In which OSPF neighbor state are a Master and Slave determined?
Exstart
62
In the OSPF Exstart state, which router becomes the Master?
The router with the higher router ID.
63
In the OSPF Exstart state, which router becomes the Slave?
The router with the lower router ID
64
In the OSPF [...] state, routers exchange DBDs which contain a list of LSAs in their LSDB.
Exchange
65
OSPF: What does DBD stand for?
Database Description
66
OSPF: What does LSR stand for?
Link State Request
67
OSPF: What does LSU stand for?
Link State Update
68
OSPF: What does LSAck stand for?
Link State Acknowledgement
69
In the OSPF [...] state, routers send LSR messages to request LSAs from their neighbor.
Loading
70
OSPF LSAs are sent in [...] messages.
LSU
71
In the OSPF [...] state, the routers have a full OSPF adjacency and identical LSDBs.
Full
72
Enable OSPF directly on an interface:
R1(config-if)# [...]
ip ospf process-id area area-id
73
Configure all interfaces to be OSPF passive interfaces by default:
R1(config-router)# [...]
passive-interface default
74
OSPF: The [...] network type is enabled on Ethernet and FDDI interfaces by default.
Broadcast
75
OSPF: The [...] network type is enabled on PPP and HDLC interfaces by default.
Point-to-point
76
OSPF: The [...] network type is enabled on Frame Relay and X.25 interfaces by default.
Non-broadcast
77
In the OSPF Non-broadcast network type, do routers dynamically discover neighbors?
No
78
In the OSPF Broadcast network type, are a DR and BDR elected?
Yes
79
In the OSPF Point-to-point network type, are a DR and BDR elected?
No
80
OSPF: In the Broadcast network type, routers which aren't the DR/BDR become a [...].
DROther
81
OSPF DR/BDR election order of priority:
1: Highest OSPF interface priority
2: Highest OSPF router ID
82
The default OSPF interface priority is [...] on all interfaces.
1
83
OSPF DROthers will only move to the Full state with [...].
the DR and BDR
84
OSPF DROthers will remain in the [...] neighbor state with other DROthers.
2-way
85
Messages to the OSPF DR/BDR are multicast using address [...].
224.0.0.6
86
Configure the OSPF network type of an interface:
R1(config-if)# [...]
ip ospf network type
87
OSPF Non-broadcast network type default timers:
Hello: [...]
Dead: [...]
30 seconds
120 seconds
88
Can routers with matching OSPF router IDs become neighbors?
No
89
Do OSPF Hello and Dead timers have to match for routers to become OSPF neighbors?
Yes
90
Enable OSPF authentication on an interface:
R1(config-if)# [...]
ip ospf authentication
91
Configure an OSPF password on an interface:
R1(config-if)# [...]
ip ospf authentication-key password
92
If the IP [...] settings on the interfaces don't match, routers can become OSPF neighbors but won't move to the Full state.
MTU
93
If two routers have an OSPF network type mismatch, they will form an OSPF adjacency but won't [...].
learn OSPF routes
94
What does 'FHRP' stand for?
First Hop Redundancy Protocol
95
What does 'HSRP' stand for?
Hot Standby Router Protocol
96
FHRP-activated routers communicate with each other by sending [...]cast Hello messages.
multi
97
FHRP-activated routers communicate with each other by sending multicast [...] messages.
Hello
98
In [...] ARP, an ARP reply is sent without being requested.
Gratuitous
99
Gratuitous ARP messages are [...]cast.
broad
100
When the HSRP standby router switches to the active role, it will send [...] ARP messages.
gratuitous
101
When using an FHRP, what IP address should be configured as the default gateway for hosts in the subnet?
The virtual IP address
102
When using an FHRP, what MAC address does the active router use to respond to ARP requests?
The virtual MAC address
103
HSRP uses [...] and [...] routers.
Active / standby
104
HSRPv1 multicast IPv4 address:
224.0.0.2
105
HSRPv2 multicast IPv4 address:
224.0.0.102
106
Is preemption enabled on FHRPs by default?
No
107
The HSRP active router is determined in this order:
1 - Highest priority
2 – Highest IP address
108
What is the default HSRP priority?
100
109
Configure the HSRP virtual IP on an interface:
R1(config-if)# [...]
standby group-number ip ip-address
110
Configure the HSRP priority:
R1(config-if)# [...]
standby group-number priority priority
111
Enable HSRP preemption:
R1(config-if)# [...]
standby group-number preempt
