IPA exam

Question 1

Blepharitis

Answer 1

Chronic inflammation of the eyelid margin
itching, tearing and redness

Question 2

Skin Ca in eye

Answer 2

BCC & SCC
Malignant melanomas of the eyelid

Question 3

Caused of Red eye

Answer 3

Conjunctivitis- mild discomfort
Subconjunctival hemorrhage (popped blood vessel)- no pain
Corneal injury or infection - discharge
Acute iritis
Acute angle closure glaucoma - severe pain

Question 4

Stye (external hordeolum)

Answer 4

Precursor to chalazion
Localized abscess in an eyelash follicle caused by staphylococcal infection
Painful, red, looks like pimple

Question 5

Chalazion

Answer 5

think calzone
Granulomatous reaction to thickened secretions of the meibomian glands in eyelid
Caused by a blocked duct in one of the glands
Vary in size

Question 6

Optic disc abnormalies

Answer 6

Av nicking- artery compressed vein, caused by hypertension
Diabetes: most common cause of optic disc abnormlities
- hemmorages (dark red)
- cotton wool spots (fluffy white lesions)
- fatty macular exudates (yellow)
- neovascularization

Question 7

Xanthelasma

Answer 7

Asymptomatic, sharply demarcated yellowish papules and plaques associated with lipid deposition in the periorbital skin
Seen in women that gave birth
(harmless spots under eye)

Question 8

Racoon eyes

Answer 8

bruising around eye, sign of basilar bone fracture

Question 10

Ectropin

Answer 10

Eyelid turn outward of the eyelid margin

Question 11

Entropin

Answer 11

Turning inwards to the lids margin
eyelashes abrade the cornea and globe

Question 12

Lagophthalmos

Answer 12

*think lag
Inability to close eyelids completely

Question 13

Kearns-Sayre

Answer 13

symmetric ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of extraocular muscles)

Question 14

Ptosis

Answer 14

drooping of eye lids

Question 15

Enucleation of eye

Answer 15

Removal of the entire globe from the orbit
trauma, surgery or self-injury

Question 15

Causes of signs of Papilledema

Answer 15

swelling of optic disc due to increased ICP
-blurred margins
-brain tumors, systemic hypertension

Question 16

Amblyopia

Answer 16

Loss of visual acuity secondary to suppression (children with strabismus gaze)

Question 17

Emmetropia

Answer 17

absence of refractive error
so good you get an emmy

Question 18

Causes of vision loss in elderly

Answer 18

cataracts(cloudy lens), presbiopia, open angel glaucoma, age related macular degeneration AMD (break down of macular cells over time)

Question 19

causes of eye pain

Answer 19

angle closure glaucoma, foreign bodies, increases ICP

Question 20

cerumen

Answer 20

ear wax

Question 21

conductive hearing loss

Answer 21

people talk quiet because they sound loud to themselves
- cerumen
- foreign bodies
- congenital ab
-osteosclerosis: main cause of conductive hearing loss

Question 22

osteosclerosis

Answer 22

abnormal bone growth of middle ear bones
main cause of conductive hearing loss in individuals 15 to 50
Lack of fluorine (geographic based)
Does not show alterations in the tympanic membrane

Question 23

Conductive deafness

Answer 23

Fluid impedes the transmission of sounds impulses by tympanic membranes and ossicles (effusions)
Most common among children age 4 to 15

Question 24

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 24

diseases in inner ear or auditory nerve speak loud! - presbycusis

Question 25

Common causes of tinnitus

Answer 25

Exposure to loud noises Otitis media Thyroid disorders SA of some medications

Question 26

Differentiate between otitis externa and media

Answer 26

externa: pain to tug test, can visualize, discharge, after swimming media: TM red, unable to visualize bones, after URI

Question 27

DIfferentiate allergic rhinitis from other rhinitis

Answer 27

both inflammation of mucosa (bluish or pale) allergic= seasonal due to presence of pollen or other allergen Non allergic= same symptoms but non seasonal Often due ot over use of nala spray, pregnancy, hypothyroidism

Question 28

anosmia

Answer 28

loss of smell (a= without nose) most often causes by blockage from polyps

Question 29

CN 7 disfunction

Answer 29

tongue will be deviated to the side of nerve lesion

Question 30

Leukoplakia

Answer 30

precancerous white lesions - risk factors= alcohol, tabacco, HPV CANNOT be scrapped off on tongue= more likely cancerous on gingiva= 99% not cancerous

Question 31

Oral thrush

Answer 31

white spots CAN be scrapped off

Question 32

benign lipoma

Answer 32

fatty tumor on tongue

Question 33

Black hairy tongue

Answer 33

benign, hairy yellowish/brown papillae Associated with candida and bacterial overgrowth, poor dental hygiene

Question 34

Geographic tongue

Answer 34

benign, scattered smooth red areas of papillae that look like a map

Question 35

Scrotal or fissured tongue

Answer 35

benign, increase of fissures with age can be entrance for bacteria to enter

Question 36

Osler-Weber Rendu Syndrome

Answer 36

red spots on lips and tongue

Question 37

Distinguish between allergic sinisitus and other RI

Answer 37

bacteria: thick and purulent trauma: blood viral: thin and watery

Question 37

Benign thyroid nodules

Answer 37

MC in F, slow enlargement, no change in voice, multiple nodules,

Question 37

Malignant Nodules of thyroid

Answer 37

MC in M, rapid enlargement, change in voice, one nodule, rest of thyroid feels normal

Question 38

Pre auricular

Answer 38

Ear scalp skin

Question 39

Anterior cervical

Answer 39

Throat tonsils oropharynx thyroid tongue

Question 40

Posterior cervical

Answer 40

Back of skull scalp neck

Question 41

Submandibular

Answer 41

Floor of mouth

Question 42

Submental

Answer 42

Teeth

Question 43

Supra clavicular

Answer 43

Thorax

Question 44

Tonsillar

Answer 44

Tonsils posterior pharxyn

Question 45

Lymph nodes feeling

Answer 45

Rubbery, hard, painless - lymphoma Fixed, firm, hard, no tender - consistent with malignancy and granulomatous infection Tender and enlarged- inflammation from infection

Question 46

Littles area

Answer 46

where anterior septum blood vessels meet, responsible for bloody noses

Question 47

stenson Duct

Answer 47

parotid gland opening near upper 2nd molar

Question 48

whartons duct

Answer 48

submandibular gland opening below and in front of angle of mandible