ipc

Question 1

What is thermal energy?

Answer 1

Total kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Question 2

How is temperature related to thermal energy?

Answer 2

Measures average kinetic energy.

Question 3

What is heat?

Answer 3

Transfer of thermal energy.

Question 4

What is conduction?

Answer 4

Heat moves via direct contact.

Example: Touching a metal spoon in hot soup.

Question 5

What is convection?

Answer 5

Heat travels through fluids (liquids/gases) via fluid motion.

Example: Warm air rising in a room.

Question 6

What is radiation?

Answer 6

Heat moves via electromagnetic waves. No medium required (can happen in space).

Example: Sun warming your face.

Question 7

How do buildings impact thermal energy?

Answer 7

Air movement & material properties impact temperature regulation.

Question 8

How does insulation affect energy efficiency?

Answer 8

Good insulation and ventilation improve energy efficiency.

Question 9

How do spacecraft manage thermal energy?

Answer 9

No atmosphere = no conduction or convection.

Question 10

What is the role of insulation in home design?

Answer 10

Insulation prevents unwanted heat transfer.

Question 11

How does ventilation affect home temperature?

Answer 11

Ventilation regulates airflow and temperature.

Question 12

How do species adapt to local climates?

Answer 12

Species adapt thermally to local climates (e.g., fur thickness, body size).

Question 13

What is the Urban Heat Island Effect?

Answer 13

Cities trap heat due to concrete, asphalt, and lack of greenery.

Question 14

How does vegetation affect urban areas?

Answer 14

Vegetation helps cool urban areas.

Question 15

What are environmental challenges related to thermal energy?

Answer 15

Water conducts heat well.

Question 16

How does a vacuum affect thermal energy transfer?

Answer 16

Vacuum relies solely on radiation—affects tech design.

Question 17

How does particle motion relate to thermal insulation?

Answer 17

Less particle motion = better insulation.

Question 18

What material properties help trap heat?

Answer 18

Material properties like low conductivity help trap heat.

Question 19

What is inertia?

Answer 19

Objects resist changes in motion.

Question 20

What does F = ma represent?

Answer 20

Force equals mass × acceleration.

Question 21

What is the action-reaction law?

Answer 21

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 22

What is displacement?

Answer 22

Change in position with direction.

Question 23

What is velocity?

Answer 23

Speed with direction.

Question 24

What is acceleration?

Answer 24

Change in velocity over time.

Question 25

What is momentum?

Answer 25

Mass × velocity.

Question 26

What is a real-world example of momentum transfer?

Answer 26

Car crashes.

Question 27

How is force related to sports movements?

Answer 27

Sports movements involve force & acceleration.

Question 28

How does mass affect acceleration?

Answer 28

Pushing/pulling objects shows mass affects acceleration.

Question 29

What are mechanical waves?

Answer 29

Need a medium (sound, water).

Question 30

What are electromagnetic (EM) waves?

Answer 30

Travel through vacuum or matter (light, X-rays).

Question 31

What is frequency?

Answer 31

Waves per second (Hz).

Question 32

What is wavelength?

Answer 32

Distance between peaks.

Question 33

What is the inverse relationship between frequency and wavelength?

Answer 33

As frequency ↑, wavelength ↓.

Question 34

What is the dual nature of light?

Answer 34

Acts like a wave and a particle.

Question 35

What is refraction?

Answer 35

Bending of waves when changing medium (e.g., light in water).

Question 36

What is diffraction?

Answer 36

Bending around obstacles.

Question 37

What is interference?

Answer 37

Overlapping waves can amplify or cancel each other (constructive/destructive).