IPE Flashcards
(37 cards)
what is hypertension
A health conditions in which the blood pressure of an adult is 130/80 mm Hg or greater and can lead to stroke, heart attack and kidney failure that does not cause symptoms.
How does one measure BMI
Weight (in kgs) / height squared (in metres)
List the complications of hypertension
Heart failure,
renal failure,
left ventricular hypertrophy cerebral hypertension
Why did the doctor order the urine and blood tests?
Urine and blood tests may be done because hypertension can cause kidney failure. The blood is tested to detect presence of waste products present in the blood which may be indicative of kidney as a result of high blood pressure.
Urine test is conducted to test for the presence of proteins and blood cells and glucose
what risk factors can lead to cardiovascular event
Mr. JM is overweight and has a poor diet, he smokes and drinks regularly, his mother died of a stroke.
lifestyle modifications
Improved diet, more exercise, quitting smoking, decrease alcohol consumption.
what does LDL cholesterol stand for
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
what is LDL cholesterol
a type of lipoprotein (combination of proteins and lipids) that accumulate in the body and increase risk of heart disease and stroke.
what does HDL cholesterol stand for
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
what is HDL cholesterol
another type of lipoprotein which carries and moves LDL cholesterol away from arteries and blood vessels and move LDL cholesterol to liver where it will be removed.
what is heartburn
Heartburn is a common gastro-esophageal symptom that can be defined as the burning sensation in the retrosternal area resulting from gastro-esophageal acid reflux usually experienced after eating certain foods.
Which metal ion in the antacid preparation would you be concerned about, and why?
look at it in the lecture
what are the side effects of antihypertensive medicines
Some antihypertensive medications can have bad side effects including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
What is the role of the healthcare professional in smoking cessation?
look at lecture
What is the role salbutamol?
Used to relieve symptoms of asthma
What is the role of beclomethasone in the treatment of asthma?
Used to prevent asthma attacks – by reducing oedema and mucous secretion in the airways.
why must one be careful with the use of corticosteroid when treating asthma?
Side effect of over use or under use of corticosteroid and the steroid is accumulated in the back of the throat rather than in the lungs.
name disadvantages of metered dose inhaler
Inefficient drug delivery, droplet size too big for good lung deposition, patients can find it difficult to use, can be inefficient as it can stick to the back of the throat,
name the advantage of metered dose inhaler
Portable, cheap, reproducible drug delivery
What is the optimum particle size to aid correct deposition into the lung?
less than 2 micrometers
What are the advantages of a spacer device?
Child does not have to co-ordinate their breathing to the pumping of the inhaler, will not make contact with the back of the through, reduced side effects.
What happens to the droplet velocity in the spacer device, and how does this improve the drug deposition in the lungs?
velocity is slowed
how should the spacer device be cleaned
Washed once a week with a disinfectant and left to air dry.
What is the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and what is the instruction that must be given to the patient before asking them to give you an NRS score?
A system that quantifies the amount of pain by numbers ranging from 0 to 10. It must be established that 0 means there is no pain and 10 being the worst level of pain.
