Iplants In Orthopedics

Question 1

are devices or tissues that are placed inside or
on the surface of the body.
●

Are prosthetics, intended to replace
missing body parts.

Answer 1

Implants

Question 2

it is the resistance of a structure to
deformation.

Answer 2

STIFFNESS

Question 3

it is used in context of fracture fixation
describes an implant or of a bone- implant construct
physical property of resisting deformation under load

Answer 3

RIGIDITY

Question 4

it is the ability of a material to recover its
original shape after deformation.

Answer 4

ELASTICITY

Question 5

the ability of a material to be formed to a new shape without fracture and retain that shape after load removal.

Answer 5

PLASTICITY

Question 6

the ability of solid material is to be deformed under tensile stress and to be stretched into a wire without fracture. It also bestows capacity to be shaped eg.

Answer 6

DUCTILITY

Question 7

With the advent of antiseptic surgery b/w 1860s and 1870s by___________ and anaesthesia by_________

Answer 7

1860s and 1870s by LORD JOSEPH LISTER and anaesthesia by MORTON (ETHER) and SIMPSON

Question 8

A further impetus to internal fixation was given by
discovery of_________

Answer 8

X –RAYS BY ROENTGEN in 1896.

Question 9

________) the surgery developed rapidly.

Answer 9

CHLOROFORM

Question 10

LAVERT in animal experiment found_________ was the most inert metal but, gold and silver and too soft for clinical use.

Answer 10

Platinum

Question 11

LISTER himself was one of the first to successfully wire a ___________

Answer 11

fractured patella using a silver wire.

Question 12

_____) was one of the early person to fix a fracture with PLATE AND SCRE

Answer 12

HANSMANN(1866

Question 13

He was the early pioneer, who placed plate and screw fixation on sound footing.
He devised his form of plates.

Answer 13

SIR WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT LANE (BRITISH
SURGEON & PHYSICIAN )

Question 14

He devised “NO TOUCH” technique , to prevent wound
infections and his own results bear testimony of his great
skills.

Answer 14

SIR WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT LANE (BRITISH

Question 15

It was made of “STOUT STEEL” a high carbon steel of fairly
high percentage of carbon.

Answer 15

SIR WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT LANE

Question 16

He improved the design of LANE’S plate to make it stronger. His implants were made of “VANADIUM
STEEL”, an alloy containing much less carbon and 0.1-0.15%
of vanadium along with small amounts of chromium and
molybdenum.

Answer 16

SHERMAN(1912).

Question 17

in 1908 introduced pins for
fixation of “small fragments” at the intra articular level.

Answer 17

VON BAYER

Question 18

in 1893 stressed the value of rigid fixation and showed that movement at the fracture site encouraged corrosion and break up of the fixation device.
He was the 1st to try fixing fractures of the femoral neck by round pins introduced through the trochanter , as well as the use of round intramedullary rods for the fractures of
the shaft of long bones.

Answer 18

EARNEST HEY GROVES

Question 19

The story of stainless steel, it is said , started in SIBERIA with discovery of a new mineral “_______” way back in 1776.

Answer 19

CHROMITE

Question 20

The_____ was the 1st stainless steel to give satisfactorily as an SURGICAL IMPLANT.
Its corrosion resistance is high and it is one of the best form of steel available.

Answer 20

18-8 SMo

Question 21

In last 30 years another metal which came into use is_______ because of its total inertness(chemically inactive) in the body.

Answer 21

TITANIUM

Question 22

___________, __________ have the fabrication(invention)versatility and strength of stainless steel and excellent compatibilty in the body.

Answer 22

TITANIUM,VITALLIUM h

Question 23

Implants can be tested under following categories

Answer 23

• Physical
2)• Chemical
3)• Structural
4)• Biological.

Question 24

Specification directs that the implants should be free from cracks, draw marks, pits, burrs and surface contamination.
They should be polished bright .

Answer 24

Appearance : Physical Test

Question 25

Screws of identical diameter, geometry and length should weigh same, pr

Answer 25

Weight: physical tst

Question 26

The austenitic(primary phase) stainless steel (ISI 316) is nonmagnetic.
 A magnet is applied to the implant and tested for its magnetism.
 A small implant can be lifted up by the magnet ,
 A large implant when suspended will be found to zoom(move) with the magnet.

Answer 26

Magnetism

Question 27

It is the ability to resist plastic deformation under identical load.

Answer 27

Hardness

Question 28

To scale 30T is used to comply with nondestructive testing and to check even the small components as well.

Answer 28

Rockwell superficial hardness testing

Question 29

This test involves a load of 30 kg and an indentor of 1/16 inch diameter ball. Two readings are taken and the mean is calculated.

Answer 29

Rockwell superficial hardness testing

Question 30

with an elevated standard pendulum, the implant is struck and the energy absorbed in the fracture is measured.

Answer 30

IMPACT TEST”

Question 31

Molybdenum has a characteristic spark profile.
•The implant is abraded on a standard grinding wheel, and spark trajectories are noted for the characteristics.

Answer 31

Spark Test

Question 32

Chemical Test

Answer 32

A.Molybdenum detection test
B.• Molybdenum percentage estimation
C.• Corrosion test.

Question 33

A drop of the electrolyte is placed on the stainless steel under test, and the electrodes are placed against the electrolyte solution. to turn pink or rosy red. If molybdenum is present, the drop will retain its hue and if not, the hue will fade rapidly

Answer 33

Molybdenum Detection Test
“Mini-Moly Detector”

Question 34

This can be carried out by various metal testing laboratories in all major cities

Question 35

It contains hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in the proportion of 3:1, and it is a strong solvent.
 If the implants are of identical alloys, they should dissolve identically. The percentage loss is estimated and compared with the standard one.

Answer 35

Corrosion Test (Aqua Regia)