IR - Catheter Embolization

Question 1

It is a procedure which places medications or
synthetic materials called embolic agents through a catheter into a blood vessel to block blood flow to an area of the body.

Answer 1

Catheter Embolization

Question 2

What are some of the common health problems that can be treated with catheter embolization (5) ?

Answer 2

1. Bleeding that Results from a Traumatic Injury
2. Bleeding from Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions such as Ulcer or Diverticular Disease
3. Bleeding from Vascular Malformations
4. Tumor Bleeding
5. Long Menstrual Periods or Heavy Menstrual Bleeding that results from Uterine Fibroid Tumors

Question 2

The word Embolization is derived from the word ______, which refers to any object that can circulate in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a blood
vessel

Answer 2

Embolus

Question 2

It is a new treatment method which serves as a highly effective way that reduces and controls blood flow to one or more blood vessels in a way less invasive than open surgery

Answer 2

Embolization

Question 3

AVF stands for ______

Answer 3

Arteriovenous Fistula

Question 4

These are enlarged veins in the scrotum that can cause infertility.

Answer 4

Varicoceles

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE

Catheter embolization may be used alone or combined with other treatments such as surgery or radiation.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Patient Preparation for Catheter Embolization (4):

Answer 6

1. Check the Kidney Function and Blood Tests
2. Should ask the patient about their medical history
3. Fasting night before the scheduled procedure
4. Patient should be admitted so that Interventional Radiologist can assess the patient
   before the procedure begins

Question 7

What are the Five (5) Basic Equipment used for Catheter Embolization ?

Answer 7

1. Fluoroscopy
2. Catheter
3. Contrast Media
4. Guide Wire
5. Synthetic Materials

Question 8

A gelatin sponge embolic agent material, which
is cut into small pieces that are injected into
an artery and float downstream until they can go no further. After a period ranging
from a few days to two weeks, the material dissolves to absorb unintended bleeding in a specific area

Answer 8

Gelfoam

Question 9

These are embolic agents suspended in liquid and injected into the bloodstream to block small vessels PERMANENTLY.

BONUS Q: What are the two (2) main examples of these ?

Answer 9

Particulate Agents

BONUS ANS:
1. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

2. Gelatin-impregnated Acrylic Polymer Spheres

Question 10

These are stainless steel or platinum embolic agents that can be positioned very precisely to stop bleeding from an injured artery or stop arterial blood flow into an aneurysm

Answer 10

Various Sized Metallic Coils

Question 11

These are embolic agents used to destroy blood vessels and vessel malformations.

Answer 11

Liquid Sclerosing Agents

Question 12

These embolic agents, when injected into the target channel that needs to be closed off, it hardens quickly

Answer 12

Liquid Glue

Question 13

What are the five (5) embolic agents known in Catheter Embolization ?

Answer 13

1. Gelfoam
2. Particulate Agents
3. Various Sized Metallic Coils
4. Liquid Sclerosing Agents
5. Liquid Glue

Question 14

What type of sedation must be used to ensure the patient does not feel the catheter insertion ?

Answer 14

Moderate Sedation

Question 15

Some patients may require a _______, especially during general anesthesia

Answer 15

Breathing Tube

Question 16

The patient will feel a ________ when the needle is inserted into the vein for the IV line and when the local anesthetic is injected

Answer 16

Slight Pinch

Question 17

What is the most common side effect of embolization which can be controlled by medication given by mouth or through the IV ?

Answer 17

Pain

Question 18

Most patients leave the hospital within ______ of the procedure, but those who have considerable pain may have to stay _____

Answer 18

1. 24 Hours
2. Longer

Question 19

______ to _____ months may have to pass before uterine fibroids or a vascular abnormality is ruled out

Answer 19

One (1) to Three (3) Months

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE

Embolization is a least effective way of
controlling bleeding, especially in an emergency situation

Answer 20

FALSE

Embolization is a HIGHLY effective way of controlling bleeding, especially in an emergency situation

Question 21

Embolization is much less invasive than ___________

Answer 21

Conventional Open Surgery

Question 22

TRUE OR FALSE

Catheter embolization may be used to treat tumors or vascular malformations that either cannot be removed surgically or would involve great risk if surgery was attempted

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

In embolization, no surgical incision is necessary. Only a small _____ in the skin that does not need stitches.

Answer 23

Nick

Question 24

Some risks that may arise from the placement of catheter inside the blood vessel are (3):

Answer 24

1. Damage to the Blood Vessel 2. Bruising or Bleeding at the Puncture Site 3. Infection

Question 25

Kidney damage due to the contrast material may also occur, particularly in patients with ______ or other pre-existing kidney diseases.

Answer 25

Diabetes

Question 26

Embolization is an excellent alternative to _________ BONUS Q: What does the altered stand for ?

Answer 26

Hysterectomy BONUS ANS: Removal of the Uterus

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE Embolization is a secondary treatment for GI bleeding of any cause

Answer 27

FALSE Embolization is the first line of treatment for GI bleeding of any cause

Question 28

Fasting for Embolization occurs _______

Answer 28

The Night Before the Scheduled Procedure