IRAT 3

Question 1

movement of water across membrane in response to a solute concentration gradient

Answer 1

osmosis

Question 2

characteristics of a solute

Answer 2

-nonpenetrating
-osmotically active
these 2 things guarantee osmosis will occur

Question 3

osmotically active

Answer 3

solute can draw water - make it move

- molecule has charge/residues

Question 4

osmolarity

Answer 4

g/v unit of concentration of solute

- concentration of osmotically active ions

Question 5

is osmolarity static or no?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

tonicity

Answer 6

fluid thing, water is moving or moved or is about to move

Question 7

iso-osmotic

Answer 7

have same number of particles

same osmolarity

Question 8

what can you conclude from 2 fluid bags from different countries but both 360 mOsm/L

Answer 8

iso-osmotic

Question 9

what can you conclude from 2 fluid bags - one is 300mOsm/L and another 360mOsm/L

Answer 9

the 300mOsm/L is hyposmotic to the 360 and the 360 is hyperosmotic to the 300

Question 10

normal human cells have an osmolarity of…

Answer 10

300

Question 11

osmolarity of 5% Dextrose

Answer 11

260 mOsm/L

Question 12

osmolarity of 0.9% NaCl

Answer 12

300mOsm/L

Question 13

osmolarity of 10% Dextrose

Answer 13

520mOsm/L

Question 14

osmolarity D5NS

Answer 14

560 mOsm/L

Question 15

total body water is a ratio of what

Answer 15

ICF to ECF

Question 16

2/3 TBW =

Answer 16

ICF

Question 17

1/3 TBW

Answer 17

ECF

Question 18

ICF

Answer 18

cations K+ and Mg2+

anions = proteins and organic phosphates

Question 19

ECF

Answer 19

interstitial fluid and plasma
major cation = Na+
major anions = HCO3 and Cl

Question 20

plasma of ECF

Answer 20

25% ECF
albumin and globulins
lots of proteins
interstitial fluid localized to blood

Question 21

interstitial fluid of ECF

Answer 21

75% ECF
lower proteins than ICF
fluid between cells - all cells in body

Question 22

isotonic volume expansion

Answer 22

consumption of large volume of isotonic solution

ex: sugar free gatorade excess consumption - taking it into body and not isotonic blood volume increases

Question 23

isosmotic volume contraction

Answer 23

diarrhea
loss of isotonic fluid
losing liquid and not replacing it

Question 24

hyperosmotic expansion

Answer 24

excessive NaCl intake
osmolarity of ECF inc and ICF dec
ex: eating wings at a bar

Question 25

hyperosmotic volume contraction

Answer 25

dehydration osmolarity of ECF inc and ICF dec ex: person in desert with no water- just losing fluids but also sweating a lot

Question 26

changes in ECF volume affect

Answer 26

effective circulating volume (blood flow/blood volume)

Question 27

why do we give IV solutions

Answer 27

quickly expand IVV (intravascular volume) correct or compensate for fluid, electrolyte, acid-base imbalance (direct or indirect)

Question 28

isotonic saline infusion

Answer 28

normal saline = 0.9%, 300mOsm/L | higher ECF and similar ICF

Question 29

5% Dextrose infusion 260mOsm

Answer 29

hyposmotic ECF volume expansion inc ICF ineffective means of inc ECF bc sugar draws water away

Question 30

5% NaCl

Answer 30

hyperosmotic inc ECF osmolality dec ICF volume 1500 mOsm - can damage blood vessels, only given this in really bad shape

Question 31

charged particles in solution NOT proteins or large particles ex: K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- dissolved in water

Answer 31

electrolytes

Question 32

colloids

Answer 32

large charged particles in solution -colloidal suspensions used in fluid replacement therapy -large molecular weights in water, must have CHARGE associated with them

Question 33

Albumin

Answer 33

``` #1 largest molecular weight compound in blood (plasma) the majority function of all large MW things in blood plasma = 85% water, the rest is albumin mostly ```

Question 34

what 2 forces in the body make fluids move from inside capillary to outside or otside capillary to inside?

Answer 34

hydrostatic pressure | osmotic pressure

Question 35

what happens at capillaries and what is their structure?

Answer 35

gas exchange, nutrients vs waste, heat exchange, hormones action in tissues happens here simple squamous epithelium (single layer cells) increased surface area

Question 36

what is the hydrostatic force in tissue

Answer 36

interstitial fluid

Question 37

hydrostatic P in capillaries is a reflection of what?

Answer 37

blood pressure

Question 38

Pint

Answer 38

interstitial hydrostatic pressure outside the bloodstream | P bc fluid in interstitial space and there is a layer protecting it (skin)

Question 39

sum total of all osmotic particles in the interstitial fluid

Answer 39

interstitial osmotic volume | aka oncotic

Question 40

oncotic

Answer 40

represents the magnitude of P associated with presence of proteins (large MW proteins)- colloids proteins are doing the osmosis

Question 41

what 2 forces are outside the blodstream

Answer 41

Pint and oncotic

Question 42

(pi)int

Answer 42

osmotic P due to the presence of proteins

Question 43

what is an osmotic force?

Answer 43

draws water from capillaries out into interstitium bc charged particles can draw water

Question 44

hydrostatic P favors fluid exit or entry from capillaries?

Answer 44

favors the entry of fluid into capillaries | force pushing down on capillary

Question 45

(pi)cap

Answer 45

oncotic P in capillary | draws fluid into capillary

Question 46

what is the #1 contributer to (pi)cap?

Answer 46

albumin!!! - made in the liver

Question 47

Pcap

Answer 47

hydrostatic P in capillary | force goes in to out

Question 48

is there smooth muscle in capillaries? why or why not?

Answer 48

NO | it is simple squamous epithelium (one layer of cells)