Ireland (3) - A deteriorating situation

Question 1

What events took place in august 1969 ?

Answer 1

• The deployment of the British army on the streets of NI ( 14th and 15th August)
• the eventual re-emergence of the IRA

Question 2

When did Chichester-Clark travel to see Harold Wilson for the first time and what was the final result of this meeting ?

Answer 2

19 August 1969, Downing street declaration.

Question 3

Initially what was the nationalist community told about the DSD ?

Answer 3

That every citizen of NI was to be treated fairly

Question 4

Initially what was the unionist community told about the DSD ?

Answer 4

That NI would still be a part of the UK without the consent of the Northern Irish people.

Question 5

What reform were also introduced with the DSD ?

Answer 5

• one man one vote
• end of gerrymandering
• a single housing authority was established
• ministry of community relations was created

Question 6

What were the economic reforms of the DSD ?

Answer 6

• £2 million program of work creating schemes

- increases in investment grants

Question 7

What did the Hunt report recommend ?

Answer 7

• disarming the RUC

- disbanding the B specials

Question 8

In august 1969 what two parts did the IRA split into ?

Answer 8

• The official IRA

- The provisional IRA

Question 9

By Easter 1970 what were the PIRA’s aims ?

Answer 9

• achieving civil rights
• defending the catholic population
• destroying the Stormont gov
• removing the ‘ British imperialism’ from NI

Question 10

Briefly explain the Falls Road curfew.

Answer 10

In the middle of 1970 the BA set a 34 hour curfew on the Falls area. They also carried out house to house searches for weapons.

Question 11

What were the reactions to the Falls Road curfew ?

Answer 11

It damaged the once good relationship between the BA and the nationalist community. And helped increase IRA membership.

Question 12

When was the UDA set up ?

Answer 12

September 1971

Question 13

What was the more violent sub-group of the UDA ?

Answer 13

UFF (Ulster freedom fighters) outlawed in 1973

Question 14

When and why did Chichester-Clark resign as PM + who was he replaced by ?

Answer 14

20 March 1971, because of Westminster’s inaction towards the violence in NI. Brian Faulkner.

Question 15

When did Faulkner reintroduce internment ?

Answer 15

9 August 1971

Question 16

Why did internment fail ?

Answer 16

The intelligence was out of date. They interned 452 men and none of them were leaders of the IRA.

Question 17

When was the first loyalist interned ?

Answer 17

Feb 1973

Question 18

What did unionists think of internment ?

Answer 18

They were happy with it, but their support decreased as they saw no real decrease in violence

Question 19

What did nationalists think of internment ?

Answer 19

Saw that it was unfair and as a result IRA membership grew.

Question 20

What did people do to protest against internment ?

Answer 20

• The SDLP told people to stop paying their rates to the council
• civil rights marches were held

Question 21

How many unarmed men died in bloody Sunday ?

Answer 21

13

Question 22

Where did the events of Bloody Sunday take Place ?

Answer 22

The Bogside area of LDerry

Question 23

When was Bloody Sunday ?

Answer 23

30 January 1972

Question 24

What did unionists think of internment ?

Answer 24

• continued support for the gov, saw the march as illegal and provocative.
• Ulster Vanguard was set up

Question 25

What did Nationalists think of internment ?

Answer 25

• nationalist hostility to the state increased
• IRA membership grew
• Britain faced international condemnation for the role it was playing in NI

Question 26

When MPs visited Westminster on the 22 March 1972 what did they propose?

Answer 26

• the transfer of security to Westminster
• a referendum on the border
• removal of internment
• a secretary of state for NI

Question 27

When was Direct Rule introduced ?

Answer 27

24th March 1972

Question 28

What were the unionist reactions to Direct rule ?

Answer 28

They were horrified at the removal of Stormont. They organised a huge protest with over 100,000 people attending. There was also an increase in membership of loyalist paramilitaries.

Question 29

What were the nationalists reactions to Direct rule ?

Answer 29

The IRA opposed Direct Rule. NICRA stated that its campaign for civil rights would continue. Overall most nationalists welcomed it.