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Biochemistry final > Iron > Flashcards

Iron Flashcards

1
Q

Iron is metal component of (4)

A

hemoglobin

myoglobin

cytochromes

some proteins of electron transport chain

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2
Q

Total iron in males and females (g)

A

male: 4-5g
female: 3-4g

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3
Q

Role of transferrin (2)

A
  • transferrin binds to iron in Fe3+ state
  • transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control level of free iron
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4
Q

Transferrin has _____ specific high-affinity Fe(III) binding sites

A

2

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5
Q

When iron stores become low, transferrin levels will_________.
When there is too much iron, transferrin levels are ___________

A

increase

low

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6
Q

Which type of anaemia is connected to low transferrin?

A

Hypo-chromic anemia

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7
Q

What is measured to determine iron deficiency/overload (2)?

A

iron
iron-binding capacity

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8
Q

Is serum iron enough for information on iron levels?

A

No, information is not complete

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9
Q

In which 5 compartments is body iron distributed?

A
  1. hemoglobin
  2. storage iron
  3. tissue iron
  4. myoglobin
  5. labile pool
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10
Q

Cyanmethemoblobin method (4)

A
  • principle of method is based on the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+
  • by ferricyanide
  • methemoglobin is converted to stable cyanomethemogline with addition of KCN
  • absorbance is measured at 540nm and used to calculate concentration of hemoglobin
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11
Q

Total iron-binding capacity (4)

A
  • measures blood’s capacity to bind iron with transferrin
  • it measures max amount of iron, which is indirect measure of transferrin
  • it is calculated by adding serum iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC)
  • it is mostly used for iron deficiency or hemochromatosis
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12
Q

Specimen requirements for iron (4)

A
  • no anticoagulant in serum
  • plasma with heparin oxalate, citrate or EDTA bind Fe so they are UNACCEPTABLE
  • no hemolysis
  • early morning sample preferred
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13
Q

Normal range serum iron

A

50 -160 μg/dl

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14
Q

Normal range TIBC

A

250 - 450 μg/dl

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15
Q

Normal range transferrin saturation

A

20-55%

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16
Q

Diurnal iron variation for male and female

A

Men: 65-165 µg/dL

Women: 45-160 µg/dL

17
Q

Causes for decreased iron levels (3)

A

Decreased intake
Increased need
Increased loss

18
Q

Causes for increased iron levels (6)

A

Increased absorption
Hemolytic anemia
Lead poisoning
Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Hepatitis

19
Q

TIBC increased causes (4)

A

Late pregnancy
IDA-Iron-deficiency anemia
Following hemorrhage
Following destruction of liver cells

20
Q

TIBC decreased causes (2)

A

Decreased synthesis of transferrin
Increased loss of urine proteins

21
Q

HbS solubility test (3)

A
  • Hemoglobin S, when deoxygenated, is insoluble in concentrated phosphate buffer and produces visible turbidity
  • Almost all other hemoglobins, including hemoglobins A, F, C, E, and D, are soluble in such solutions.
  • Thus, this test quickly identifies specimens of blood that contain HbS
22
Q

Unstable hemoglobins

A
  • Treatment of the blood sample with heat at 55 “C to 60 “C or with isopropanol is used to detect the presence of unstable hemoglobins.
  • detected by increase in turbidity in 3-4min
23
Q

Unstable hemoglobins

A
  • Treatment of the blood sample with heat at 55 “C to 60 “C or with isopropanol is used to detect the presence of unstable hemoglobins.
  • detected by increase in turbidity in 3-4min
24
Q

For myoglobin test which sample is preferred?

A

Plasma

25
Q

Analytical methods for diagnosis and monitoring of porphyria (5)

A
  • protect urine sample from light
  • urinary porphyrins and PBG are best analyzed in morning sample
  • dilute urine is unsuitable
  • for ALA estimation samples should be refrigerated
  • 5-10mg of feces is adequate for porphyrin
26
Q

Porphobilinogen

A

Most methods for PBG are based on the reaction of Ehrlich’s reagent (4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in acidic solution) -form a colored product “rose-red” or “magenta,“ colorimetric detection

urobilinogen will inhibit the reaction, so should be removed

27
Q

Lead analysis

A
  • from RBC
  • venous sample is preferred
  • royal blue top with EDTA anticoagulant
  • reference range in children < 10 µg/dL

Biochemistry final (7 decks)

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