Iron

Question 1

How much of consumed iron is absorbed?

Answer 1

Very low amounts ~10%

Question 2

How is non-heme iron absorbed?

What is non-heme iron absorbed as?

Answer 2

By facilitated diffusion

ferrous ions

Question 3

How is heme iron absorbed?

Answer 3

Vesicle formation

Question 4

What is removed form heme iron in vesicle formation?

Answer 4

ferrous ions

Question 5

Heme and Non-heme iron form what to be ferried across the cell and into the blood, via active transport

Answer 5

Ferritin Complexes

Question 6

What is Non-heme absorption controlled by?

Answer 6

Intestinal Mucosa cells

Question 7

How do intestinal mucosa cells control the absorption of non-heme iron?

Answer 7

By controlling the amount of iron released in teh blood stream – this is done according to the bodies needs

Question 8

What influences intestinal mucosa absorption of non-heme iron?

Answer 8

Bodys needs

Hepcidin

Question 9

Hepcidin?

Hepcidin production is based on?

The effect of Hepcidin is?

Answer 9

nonheme iron regulatory control hormone

produced in the liver based on iron levels and inflammation

Decreased iron absorption

Question 10

When is the iron absorption downregulated?

Answer 10

When the concentration the body is high

Question 11

When is iron absorption in the body unregulated?

Answer 11

When the concentration in the body is low

Question 12

High body iron concentration is known as

Answer 12

Transferrin Saturation

Question 13

The average absorption rate for iron is about

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

Absorption of heme iron is effected by dietary components? T/F

Answer 14

F – heme iron is uneffected by dietary components.

Question 15

absorption of non-heme iron is enhanced by:

Answer 15

Vitamin C
MFP factor (meat pep)
Lactoferrin (breat milk)
Gastric Acid

Question 16

Non-heme iron absorption is inhibited by:

Answer 16

Phylates
Oxalates
Polyphenols 
-- REd wine
--Tea
--Coffee

Question 17

How is iron transported?

Answer 17

Bound to transferrin

Question 18

Most iron absorption occurs in the:

Answer 18

Duodenum/Jejunum

Question 19

Iron is stored as:

Answer 19

ferritin/hemosiderin

Question 20

Iron is stored as:

Where is iron stored?

Answer 20

Ferritin/Hemosiderin

In the liver and bone marrow (some in the spleen & muscles)

Question 21

How is iron lost (excreted)?

Answer 21

• -bleeding/menstruation

- -bile,urine,sweat,fece (1mg/day)

Question 22

The functions of iron are:

Answer 22

Transport/Storage of Oxygen (Hemoglobin/Myoglobin)
Energy Metabolism (Cytochromes)
Oxidant production (Immune)
Function/Synthesis of Nuerotransmitters
DNA synthesis

Question 23

Primary Sources of Iron:

Answer 23

Liver
Beef
Chicken
Tuna
Egg
Whole Wheat

Question 24

Iron toxicity is known as?

Answer 24

Hemachromatosis

Question 25

Hemachromatosis is..

Answer 25

Excessive iron absorption... Primary: genetic Secondary: Hemolytic Anemia due to lacking NADPH so that glutathione cannot be reduced, therefore the cell wall of the RBC is not well protected againts ROS, leading to lysis.

Question 26

S&S of Iron toxicity (Hemachromatosis):

Answer 26

``` Fatigue Apathy Increased Risk of Infection Hepatic Pancreatic Cardiac Other Organ damage ```

Question 27

Treatment for Iron toxicity (Hemachromatosis):

Answer 27

Phlebotomy/Chelating Agents on a Regular Basis Do not exceed RDA of rionr avoid fortified foods, vitamin C and supplements

Question 28

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency

Answer 28

Most common in the world

Question 29

Cause of Iron Deficiency

Answer 29

Blood Loss Medical Condition Iron-Poor Diets

Question 30

Patients @ High Risk for Iron Deficiency

Answer 30

Menstruating Women Pregnant Women Malabsorption Inadequate Intake

Question 31

Treatment for Iron Deficiency

Answer 31

Supplements/Iron Rich Diet