Iron Wall Flashcards
(42 cards)
What was the initial aim of Zionism?
the national revival of the Jewish people in its ancestral home after 2000 years of “exile”
Who coined the term zionism and when?
Nathan Birnbaum in 1885
What does zion mean?
Jerusalem
Who was the founder of Zionism?
Theodor Herzl
When was the the Jewish state proposed for the first time?
In 1886 in Herzl’s book “The Jewish State”
The book proposed two potential locations, Palestine or in Argentina
When was the first Zionist Congress and where?
In Basel, Switzerland, 1897
What was the outcome of the first Zionist Congress?
Two representatives were sent to the Palestinian land to investigate the land, they wrote back saying that “The Bride is beautiful, but she is married to another man”
The first Zionists shared little interest in the land and people of Palestine, an early ignorance that would stain the future process
Explain Herzl’s high-politics approach:
Persuaded the Ottoman sultan to grant a charter for Jewish settlement in Palestine
Approached other world leaders in Italy, Germany and Britain
What was the two main features of the zionist movement under the leadership of Herzl?
The non-recognition of a Palestine as national entity
Enlisting support of other world powers in the struggle for statehood
What is the Yishuv?
the pre-independence Jewish community in Palestine
Who was the architect of the alliance between the Zionist movement and Great Britain?
Chaim Weizmann
Who served as the first president of the State of Israel?
Chaom Weizmann
What was a “political zionist”?
The political zionist, following in the steps of Herzl, focused on diolocatic activity to ensure international support to ensure statehood
What was “practical zionist”?
The practical zionist focused on immigration of Jews to the land, settlement, land acquisition and building the Jewish economy
What was a “synthetic” zionist?
A term implemented by Weizmann that argued that the practical and political approach to zionism were two sides of the same coin, an should be practiced simultaneously
What is the Balfour Declaration?
Letter from the Foreign Secretary of Britain that said the British government was in favour of a national home to Jewish people in Palestine
The letter consolidated the Jews effort to gain the support of Britain, with no care for the problem of the Arab population that vastly outnumbered the Jewish population
Was published the 2nd of November 1917
What was the problem with the Balfour declaration for the Brits?
This went against the promise the British had given to the sharif of Mecca during the negotiations of the Sykes-Picot agreements, which had promised the sharif Palestinian land
What is a mufti?
a Muslim legal expert who is empowered to give rulings on religious matters
Who led the Palestinian national movement against the Zionists during the inter-war period?
Hajj Amin al-Husseini - the grand mufti of Jerusalem
When were the first Arab Revolt against british authorities and the Jews?
1936-1939
Why did the British gradually retreat from the Balfour declaration?
The violent resistance of the Palestinians made Britain reassess their wartime commitments to Zionism
Churchill wrote the “white paper” in 1922, limiting British support
Who was the founder of revisionist zionism?
Ze’ev Jabotinsky
What political parties did Jabotinsky create?
World Union of Zionists Revisionists and the youth movement Betar
What was the irgun?
An underground Zionist military organization founded in 1931
