Irrigation Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
what’s the most expensive water to use?
A
potable
2
Q
advantages of using potable water?
A
easiest, safest, reliable flow and pressure
3
Q
what water source requires extra filtration?
A
grey water
4
Q
how do we capture groundwater?
A
in wells
5
Q
Y/N is groundwater the same quality?
A
no
6
Q
other than tap water, which other water is considered potable?
A
groundwater
7
Q
which water source do you need a license for?
A
ground and surface water
8
Q
which water source may require aeration?
A
surface water
9
Q
what’s the difference between natural pond water and a stormwater pond?
A
stormwater is collected from roadways/sidewalks where natural pond is a collection of surface water
10
Q
how do we prevent stormwater from going into groundwater?
A
rainwater harvesting
11
Q
which water sources tend to fluctuate?
A
surface and groundwater
12
Q
what the source of capturing rainwater?
A
from rooftops
13
Q
how does the irrigation industry indicate non potable water being used?
A
with a purple cap on the equipment
14
Q
Y/N is reclaimed water ready to use for irrigation
A
no
15
Q
what water has to used within 24 hours?
A
grey water
16
Q
what type of water can only be used for subsurface irrigation?
A
grey water
17
Q
definition of a block system?
A
block system is series of sprinkler heads that are all run by one controller and a valve at the beginning of each zone
18
Q
what system takes a lot of manpower to operate?
A
coupler system
19
Q
what system is the most efficient?
A
micro irrigation
20
Q
system is used most of in golf courses?
A
valve in head
21
Q
what system allows you to isolate a whole area of sprinklers?
A
block system
22
Q
what’s thew purpose of installing a BFPD?
A
to prevent contamination of domestic water
23
Q
what BFPD has to be installed on the sprinkler side of the system?
A
AVB - atmospheric vacuum breaker
24
Q
what BFPD is specified by most Alberta municipalities?
A
double check
25
what BFPD cannot be pressure checked?
AVB, HCVB and dual check
26
what BFPD has to be installed above the highest sprinkler?
AVB, HCVB and PVB - pressure vacuum breaker
27
which BFPD is the best?
double check
28
what sprinkler is used for small areas?
spray heads
29
what sprinkler has low precipitation rates?
rotary heads
30
what sprinkler has to operate off high pressures?
rotary heads
31
what sprinkler has higher flow rates?
spray heads
32
what sprinkler is easiest to maintain?
spray heads
33
which sprinkler comes with a nozzle tree?
rotary heads
34
what is a PRS sprinkler?
pressure regulated sprinkler - regulated to a certain PSI
35
what's purple indicate on a sprinkler cap?
non potable water
36
what's the purpose of a check valve in the bottom of a sprinkler?
to prevent low end seepage
37
how does variable arc nozzle differ from a fixe spray nozzle?
patterns can be adjusted on variable arc where fixed nozzles don't move
38
how does a rotator differ from fixed spray nozzle?
rotary heads move in a specific pattern where fixed don't move
39
formula for precipitation rate of a full circle sprinkler spaced in square pattern?
PR = 96.3 x gpm / SxL
40
formula for a triangular pattern?
PR = (96.3xgpm)/(Sx(Lx.866))
41
formula for a part circle sprinkler?
Square spacing PR= ((96.3*gpm)/(S*L))*(360/arc)
42
what pipe is used where cultivation is required?
aluminium
43
what pipe has the lowest friction loss?
PVC
44
what pipe is the most flexible?
PE
45
what pipe is subject to frost cracking?
PVC
46
which pipe has the highest pressure rating?
HDPE
47
which pipe uses insert fittings?
PE
48
which pipe can only handle low pressures?
PE
49
what pipe is joined by fusion welding?
HDPE
50
which pipe is measured by outside diameter?
aluminium
51
which pipe is solvent welded together?
PVC
52
what is the SDR rating on a pipe?
standard dimension ratio
53
what does 04 in PE1404 indicate?
hydrostatic design pressure multiplied by 100
54
what does 160 or series 160 on PVC indicate?
maximum recommended operating pressure
55
which is the least damaging to a landscape? trencher or vibratory plow?
vibratory plow
56
2 pieces of info needed to size a pipe?
gpm and velocity
57
how do you calculate static pressure?
elevation x .433
58
dynamic pressure is determined by?
elevation, friction loss and pressure loss
59
what's the purpose of a bleed screw in an electric controlled valve?
to release built up pressure in the upper chamber
60
what's the purpose of the flow control knob?
to limit the amount that the diaphragm can open
61
how does an electric control valve operate?
A solenoid turns off and closes the pressure by-pass port and allows pressure to build in the upper chamber. When the valve needs to close a magnet is activated in the plunger and is lifted and pressure is allowed to decrease in the upper chamber
62
how is the pressure relieved off the upper chamber?
the plunger is lifted by the solenoid and pressure is released thru the by pass port
63
what blocks the bypass port?
the plunger from the solenoid
64
how does water get to the upper chamber?
thru the intake port
65
what happens to the sprinklers if the inlet port is plugged?
water is unable to reach the upper chamber
66
what manual valve os used on larger pipes?
butterfly valves
67
where is the transformer on an outdoor controller?
it is built into the wire
68
what voltage does the transformer drop down to?
under 30 volts
69
what does the "C" mean on the terminal strip?
common wire
70
what are coloured wires called?
field wires
71
what's the colour for common words?
white
72
how is a valve wired?
The common is wired to either wire on top of the valve and then connected to the common on the controller and then the field wire is also wired to the valve and then wired to a zone spot on the controller
73
what type of programming is used on small residential controllers?
stacked programming
74
how are wire splices protected in an irrigation system?
with waterproof connectors
75
what type of sensors can be installed in an irrigation control box?
soil moisture and rain sensors
76
what 3 areas can filters be installed in an irrigation system?
inline, at the sprinkler heads and before the valves
77
least expensive filtration system
mesh filter
78
what filters should be used only for organic contaminants?
mesh and sand media filters
79
what filter is used to remove mineral contaminants?
sand separators
80
what filter systems are self flushing?
disc and sand
81
where can pressure be regulated?
inline, at the sprinkler heads and valves
82
where is the best place to regulate a sprinkler zone?
at the sprinkler heads
83
what happens to sprinkler pattern if pressure is too high?
brown donut
84
what if the pressure is too low at the sprinkler head?
green donut
85
what would you use in a shrub bed if all plants have different water requirements?
point source emitters
86
what would you use for a row crop where all plants are the same?
drip tape or drip tubing
87
what's a root feeder for?
trees
88
difference between drip tape and drip tubing?
one is flat and one is round
89
what extra components do you add to the star of a micro system?
BFPD, pressure regulator and filter
90
constant for precipitation rate?
96.3gpm
91
half circle represents?
arc
92
degrees represent?
trajectory
93
gpm represents?
water flow
94
feet represents?
spray radius
95
psi represents?
pressure in line
96
best sprinkler placement in a turf area?
head to head
97
which sprinkler hard to maintain?
rotors
98
which sprinkler has both radius and arc adjustments in the cap?
rotors
99
most inexpensive sprinkler?
spray heads
100
which sprinkler needs a filter before the nozzle?
spray heads
101
what sprinkler has a wiper seal that cleans the post as it moves up?
spray heads
102
what sprinkler has low pressure rating?
rotors
103
3 types of manual valves?
gate, ball and butterfly
104
hardest sprinkler system to troubleshoot?
valve in head
105
what system used in agriculture uses aluminium pipe?
agricultural spray heads
106
which BFPD is attached to the hose bib?
HCVB
107
which BFPD has 2 staggered check valves?
double check
108
what is added to sprinklers in sports fields?
rubber caps
109
filters that take silt and clay out of the water?
sand separators
110
what sprinkler system allows for individual head control?
valve in head
111
where is water available to the plant and between what storage terms?
in soil pores between field capacity and permanent wilting point
112
what's is plant available water?
amount available to the plant
113
what is MAD and the default %
management allowable depletion, 50%
114
how are catch cans placed in an audit?
in grid pattern
115
how long do you run an audit of spray and rotor sprinkler heads?
3 - 6 mins spray
10 - 15 mins rotors
116
good reading on solenoid?
between 20 - 60 ohms
117
what pump needs to be primed?
centrifugal
118
what pump is used n shallow water?
submersible
119
what type of pump has a motor underwater?
vertical turbine
120
what gauge of wire are used for light commercial/residential irrigation systems?
12 - 18 gauge
121
the constant for total dynamic head TDH?
2.31ft/psi
122
what indicates a broken pipe?
wet spots, puddles, low pressure and heads not coming up
123
3 problems that can occur in an irrigation system?
mechanical, electrical, hydraulic
124
what causes broken pipes?
freezing, frost cracking, shovels and high pressure
125
when checking the controller where should a voltmeter be set?
VAC high end
126
when checking the solenoid where should the voltmeter be set?
OHMs low end
127
what voltage does a controller run off?what does that transform to?
30v
120v to 24 - 30v
128
what happens when the sprinkler system if the intake port is blocked?
sprinkler don't shut off
129
what info do you need to calculate sprinkler run time?
plant water requirements, sprinkler performance and soil water holding capacity
