ISBB Mother Notes Flashcards by Althea Marie Cuevas

Immunodominant sugar of H gene

L-fucose

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Immunodominant sugar of A gene

N-acetyl-D galactosamine (GalNac)

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Immunodominant sugar of B gene

D-galactose

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How many percent of Blacks have A blood group?

26%

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How many percent of Asians have A blood group?

28%

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How many percent of White population have B blood group?

11%

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ABO antigens are formed as early as ______ day of fetal life.

37th

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Full expression of ABO antigens is found in what age?

2-4 yrs of age

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What is the precursor and linkage of ABO antigens in secretions?

-Type I precursor
-Beta-1-3 linkage

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What is DUBSTAMP (ABO antigens in secretors)

Digestive juices
Urine
Bile
Saliva
Tears
Amniotic fluid
Milk
Pathological fluids (pericardial, pleural, peritoneal, ovarian cyst fluid)

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Excessive ABH substances in secretions can be observed in? (Clue: PIC)

-Pseudomucinous ovarian cyst
-Intestinal obstruction
-Carcinoma of stomach and pancreas

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Absorption vs Elution

Absorption - removal of unbound antibodies from the serum
Elution - removal of bound antibodies in the surface of RBCs

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Subgroups of A antigen

A1, A2, A3, Ax, Aend, Am, Ael, Ay

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Conditions that cause weaker reactions

-Leukemia
-Chromosomal translocations
-Hemolytic diseases
-Hodgkin’s dse
-Hypogammaglobulinemia (CLL)/ Immunodeficiency

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Conditions that cause Pseudoantigens in Acquired A phenomenon:

-Proteus mirabilis infxn
-Tn activation

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Conditions that cause pseudoantigens in Acquired B phenomenon:

-E. coli 086
-Proteus vulgaris infxn
-Intestinal obstruction
-Carcinoma of colon and rectum
-Clostridium tetani

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ISBT # of ABO blood group

001

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ISBT # of Rh blood group

004

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RHAG gene is located in chromosome _____.

Chromosome 6

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RHD and RHCE genes are located in chromosome ______.

Chromosome 1

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What are the four most common genotypes of Rh system?

R1, R2, r, Ro

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The most common Rh genotype is blacks

Ror

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Most common Rh genotype in Asians/whites

R1r

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What does ISBT mean

International Society of Blood Transfusion

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What is the most immunogenic antigen after A and B antigen?

D antigen

A test that detects weak D antigen

IAT

Conditions associated with Rh null phenotype

-Hemolytic anemia -reticulocytosis -stomatocytosis -decreased Hb, Hct, Haptoglobin -Increased Bilirubin and HbF

Rh null regulator type has mutation in what gene

RHAG gene

Rh null Amorphic type has a mutation in what gene?

RHCE gene

True or False Rh antibodies are naturally occurring.

False

Most clinically significant Rh immunoglobulin

IgG 1 and IgG 3

Best Immunoglobulin at crossing placenta

IgG 1

Cannot cross placenta

IgG 2

ISBT # of LW blood group

016

LW blood group gene location

Chromosome 19

Used to differentiate A antigen from LW

Dithiothreitol (DTT)

Lewis ISBT #

007

Le Gene is located in what chromosome?

Chromosome 19 p13.3

LE antigens can be found in:

-lymphocytes,platelets -pancreas, stomach, intestine -skeletal muscle -renal cortex, adrenal glands

Le antigens in secretions are ______and Le cell-bound antigens absorbed onto RBCs from plasma are _______.

-glycoproteins -glycolipids

Le (a+b+) are common in ________.

Asians

lele is common in ________.

Africans

Phenotype changes (in Lewis) can be caused by:

-pregnancy -cancer -viral and parasitic infxn -alcoholic cirrhosis

ISBT # of MNS

002

MNS is found in chromsome_____.

chromosome 4

MNS antibody seen in multiparous woman

Anti-M

Anti-N antibody is seen in ______ patients.

renal dialysis patients

Disease associated in GPA receptor of MNS blood group

E. coli infection

Disease associated in GPA and GPB receptor of MNS

P. falciparum infections

The P1 antigen is poorly expressed at birth and fully expressed at age _______.

7 yo

Common P1PK phenotypes:

-P1 and P2

P1Pk antibody that is IgG autoantibody

Autoanti-P

Antibody neutralized by hydatid cyst from E. granulosus

Anti-P1

antibody first described from Mrs. Jay suffering from adenocarcinoma

Anti-P1Pk

receptor for Parvovirus B19

receptor for Shiga toxins

Receptor for P-fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli

Psys. (P, P1, Pk)

found in spontaneous abortions in early pregnancy

Anti-Tja

ISBT # of I system

027

The most common disease transmitted by blood transfusion

Hepatitis C aka "Post-transfusion Hepatitis

If blood products are tested positive for HIV, in which reference lab must it be sent?

RITM

If a patient sample in the lab has tested positive for HIV, in which reference lab is it sent?

SACCL/San Lazaro

Used as a screening test for HIV in blood donors/blood bags

ELISA

Used as a confirmatory test for blood donors/bags

Western Blot

Confirmatory tests for Anti-HTLV test in blood products

Western blot, RIPA, NAT

What is SAGM

SAGM are additive solutions namely: -Saline -Adenine -Glucose -Mannitol

Increased in blood storage lesion

-Hemoglobin -Ammonium -Lactic acid -Potassium

Decreased in blood storage lesion

-2,3-DPG -pH -Glucose -ATP -Sodium

Light spin speed and duration

3,200 rpm/2000 g for 3 mins

Heavy spin speed and duration

3,500 rpm / 5,000 g for 5-8 minutes

Source of radiation for Irradiated RBCs

Cobalt 60 Cesium 137

Blood component used for maintaining blood volume and colloidal oncotic pressure

5% albumin

Blood component for patients with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia

Immune Serum Globulin (ISG)

Blood component for hypovolemic shocks and severe burns

Single Donor Plasma

Cryoprecipitate contents

- 150 to 250 mg of Fibrinogen - 80 to 120 U of Factor VIII - 40 to 70 U of vWF - 20 to 30 U of Factor XIII

How to prepare cryoprecipitate

By thawing at 4degC, Hard spin, then leave only 10-15 mL plasma

pore size of first generation blood filters

170-260 um

pore size of second generation transfusion/blood fliters

20-40 um

Pore size of third gen filters

7-10 um

STOP TRANSFUSION but keep IV lines open with _______.

physiologic saline

Enumerate the transfusion reaction

1. Check for clerical errors 2. Do a visual check 3. DAT 4. Repeat ABO/Rh typing 5. Repeat AB screen and panel 6. Repeat Crossmatch 7. Bilirubin test 8. Check urine for free Hgb and urobilinogen 9. Hemosiderin appears weeks after transfusion 10. Check Hgb and Hct

common antibodies implicated in DHTR

anti-Jka anti-E anti-D anti-C anti-K anti-Fya anti-M

S/s in Immediate HTR

fever with back pain

S/s in Delayed HTR

Jaundice and decreasing Hct levels

Effects in the blood of Immediate HTR

Increased plasma free Hb Increased Bilirubin Decreased haptoglobin +/- DAT

Effects in blood of Delayed HTR

Decreased Hb and Hct (+) DAT (+) Post-transfusion Ab screen

S/S of TACO

Coughing Cyanosis Difficulty breathing

ISBB Mother Notes Flashcards

(88 cards)