Ischaemia

Question 1

Describe the progression of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

1, adaptive thickening of smooth muscle(CORONARY ARTERY at lesion -prone loacation)
2. Type II Lesion = macrophage foam cells are added
3. TYPE III (preacher o a)
4. TYPE IV
TYOE V
TYPE VI -

T

Question 2

What is stratification?

Answer 2

Plaque disruption at level of healing

Question 3

Main cell types involved

Answer 3

Vascular endothelial cells
Platelets
Monocytes macrophages
Vascular smooth muscle cells
T lymphocytes

Question 4

Roles of vascular endo cells

Question 5

Roles of monocytes macrophages

Question 6

T lymphocyte role?

Answer 6

Macrophage activation

Specific for a virus and will tell macrophage to kill it

Question 7

Inflammation in atherosclerosis

Answer 7

First body tries to clear up build up - when does body assumes it’s a pathogen - leads to inflammatory response

Question 8

What can px with high risk of atherosclerosis complications be given?

Answer 8

Injection of antibodies to Interleukin 1 (IL1)

Question 9

What forms the droplets in the dying cells?

Answer 9

Too much fat - can no longer mix with the water content of the cells

Question 10

What happens when foam cells debris meet blood?

Answer 10

Thrombosis trigged very quickly

Question 11

What are the 2 main functions of macrophages?

Answer 11

Indlamatory - adapted to kill microorganisms
Resident :
- normally homeostatic - suppress inflammatory activity
- osteoclasts for calcium and phosphate homeostasis
- alveolar resident macrophages - surfactant lipid homeostasis
- spleen- iron homeostasis

Question 12

What is an LDL, where is it synth and role

Answer 12

Bad chol
Synth in liver
Carries chol from liver to rest of body
But WE NEEED

Question 13

What is good chol

Answer 13

HDL high density lipoprotein

Carries chol from peripheral tissues including arteries back to liver ( REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT)

Question 14

What are oxidised LDLs, modified LDLs

Answer 14

Due to action of free radicals( which come out of inf cells) on LDL
Not one single substance
Families of highly info at and toxic forms of LDLs found in vessel walls

Question 15

LDL structure

Answer 15

Lipid mono layer but micell bc one mol thick and
a cargo fat for fuel
Docking molecules

Question 16

Modification of subebdothelial trapped LDL

Answer 16

LDL 
LDL OXIDATION
PHAGOCYTOSIS BY MACROPHAGES
MACROPHAGES BECOME FOAM CELKS
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Question 17

What is familial hyperilipidaemia

Question 18

What does macrophage scavenger recep A / CD204 bind to

Answer 18

Oxidised LDL
Gram positive bac like strep and staph
Binds or dead cells

Question 19

What does macrophage recep b / CD 36 bind to?

Question 20

What are chemokines

Answer 20

Small proteins chemoatttactant to monocytes