Islam Book 1- History ,Origin Of Sunni And Shia’h Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the holy book of Islam?
-The Quran is the holy book of Islam
-It involves the revelations by god to Muhammad(pbuh)
-Outlines the goal of Islam which is submission to Allah
What are the five pillars of Islam?
-The Shahada:The declaration of faith
-The Salat:The prayer, 5 times a day facing Makkah
-The Zakat:Charity to the poor, 2.5% of yearly income
-The Siyam:Fasting during Ramadan, No food or drink from dusk to dawn
-The Haji:Pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in their life
Who is the God in Islam?
-The god in Islam is Allah
-He made a Covenant with Ibriham that his descendants would be god’s chose people in return for their faith and obedience
When and Where was Muhammad born?
-Muhammad(pbuh) was born in Makkah in 570CE
Describe Muhammad’s early life?
-His father died when he was born and his mother died when he was six
-So his uncle and grandfather raised him
-Instead of playing with local children, he was alone contemplating on a higher being
What was Muhammad’s first job?
-Muhammad(pbuh)’s first job was a camel driver and trader which helped him to be a known as a honest person before his priesthood.
-Which is one of the reasons he gained a lot of followers and was often given titles such as Al Amin which means trustworthy and honest
How did Muhammad find his first wife?
-Muhammad(pbuh) worked for a wealthy window called khadijah
-She was impressed by his work and wanted to marry Muhammad(pbuh)
-He bore him four daughters and two sons, both sons died in infancy
Where and why did Muhammad leave the city each year?
-As an Adult, Muhammad(pbuh) saw that corruption and exploitation and greed overtook the people of Makkah
-In order to escape that he went to caves as it brought him peace and solitude
-Muhammad(pbuh) would isolate himself for 40 days where he would worship Allah drawing himself closer to god
-This came to be known as Ramadan
Describe how the city or Makkah was during the time of Muhammad?
-During the time of Muhammad(pbuh), the majority of people living in the trading city of Makkah were idol worshippers
-300 tribes ruled Makkah were small, fierce and bound by blood relations. Anyone who was weak was an outcast
-Therefore you could not be weak as strength and blood relations kept you in the group
How did the men in pagan tribes behave?
-Men were ruthless and had huge amounts of wives
-This resulted in many young boys being born and many pagan wives would be giving birth as soon as they hit puberty (12 or 13 years old)
-Fights would occur over water in wells as Makkah was a harsh,barran, desert landscape and water was a precious source of life
What was the heart of Makkah?
-Makkah’s main features was the ‘Ka’bah’ which was built by Ibrahim and it was used to dedicate to the one true god Allah
-Muhammad(pbuh)’s tribe ‘The Quresh’ was responsible for its dedication to Allah but instead had served the pagan tribes by filling it with pagan idols .
-It was loved by the pagans as it was a safe space where tribal members knew they couldn’t be killed
Who else came to ka’bah?
-Merchants would also come to this place as they knew they wouldn’t be killed
-It was also where many people gathered so they could sell a lot of items
-As a result a pilgrimage site has become a trading area and a rich source of income for the tribe of Quresh
What worried Muhammad the most in the city?
-The Idolatry of the city, the gambling ,drunkenness and violence towards of woman and children.
-Since Muhammad(pbuh) was an international traveler he visited places like Israel and Syria and saw that the people behaved better and he knew there was a better way of life in Saudi Arabia
-Muhammad(pbuh) wanted to fix this and get rid of the injustice,blood thirsty tribes and paganism
What did Muhammad do during the time of Ramadan?
-Since Ramadan was the biggest pagan night of the year, the tribes would have a ceasefire and party away
-This would make Muhammad(pbuh) furious and he would escape the city to the desert praying and meditating
Describe the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad and the night of power?
-One night at a the age of 40 during Ramadan in the year 610BCE Muhammad(Pbuh) was praying in the cave of Hira on Mount Nur(The hill of light) muhammad(pbuh) had a profound religious experience.
-In the darkness a voice called his name and commanded him to “Recite”.
Explain Muhammad’s experience with the Angel Jibril?
-When Angel Jibril appeared,he ordered Muhammad(pbuh) to read the words,however Muhammad(pbuh) could not, this happened 3 times.
-Some say this is becasue Muhammad(pbuh) could not read or write while others’s argued he was too afraid,
-Eventually Muhammad(pbuh) read the revelation and thus on the night of power the revelation began to come to him. This continued for 23 years.
Who was the first follower of Islam?And what did she do?
-Once Muhammad(pbuh) returned home with the visions from Allah,Khadijah agree and became his follower. When the visions began,Khadijah and other followers began to memorise the content of the visions.
-It is becasue of that muslims recognise Khadijah as the first Muslim.
How did the people of Makkah react to Muhammad’s preaching?
-The people in Makkah laughed at him and most rejected his message becasue he denounced the idols and ancestral gods
-When the message connected with the people they began to bribe and persecute the prophet. They put boulders on his chest and made him lie in burning sand. Soon the persecutions got too great and Muhammad’s(pbuh) followers had to leave to Medina
-His cousins Ali had to act as a decoy to trick people
Explain what the annual pilgrimage to Makkah is called?
-The Hijra is the annual pilgrimage from Makkah to Medina
-It first started when men heard about Muhammad(pbuh) and decided to help him . This happened on 24th September 622.
-12 men named Yathrib helped Muhammad(pbuh) escape
What does the Hijrah mean?
-In Arabic it means Muhammad(pbuh)’s flight to Medinah. Hijrah means emigration.
-It is known by Muslim’s as the turning point in world history
How does Medinah differ from Makkah?
-Medina accepted the prophet’s message it was a farming city and its population was more christians and Jews resulting in it being more peaceful and civilised.
-Also since they didn’t have the ka’bah they were not offered by Muhammad’s(pbuh) belief in one god
How did being an international traveler help Muhammad?
-Firstly it made him an excellent negotiator,many tribes referred all their disputes to muhammad(pbuh). This helped him to make him the leader of the city. He used that power to set in place the religious rules of Islam.
-Secondly being an international traveling merchant helped him to defeat his goods from bandits. This helped to organise Muslim defences against pagan forces on Medinah alongside with help form Abu-Bakr
Why did Muhammad want to return to Makkah?
-He wanted to make the Ka’bah the shrine to Allah. Hence it is faced when praying . A mihrab indicates the direction to Makkah . Muhammad(pbuh) followers attacked any caravans leaving Makkah on their way there.
-On March 629, Muhammad reached Makkah and went around the ka’bah seven times anticlockwise. He touched the ka’bah on the south east corner and proclaimed it the house id Allah. Hence Muhammad(pbuh) was proclaimed prophet of Allah and now Makkah is the heart of Islam, and Muslims are encouraged to make a pilgrimage -Aka the haji once in their lifetime .
When did Muhammad die?
- Muhammad(pbuh) preached his last sermon on the Mount of mercy
-In 632, he cried out “Have I fulfilled my mission”.
-His health started to fail and he travelled to Medinah on the 8th of June 632
-He dies in his home 63 due to pneumonia. He was buried in his home which in now the first mosque
