Islam & Vicegerency

Question 1

Give 3 different definition of vicegerency

Answer 1

• vicegerency of prophet Adam as
• vicegerency of man on earth
• khalaif

Question 2

Distinctive features of human vicegerency

Answer 2

• divine appointment
• divine honour
• deprivation of vicegerency to other creatures
• subservience of all creatures to men

Question 3

Explain vicegerency of prophet Adam as

Answer 3

• sudah al baqarah 2:30 shows that prophet Adam is the first human beings and his appointment to the office of khilafah
• Al-Qurtubi thought that the word khalifah in this ayah refers exclusively to prophet Adam since he was the first messenger of Allah on the earth to implement His commands

Question 4

Explain vicegerency of man on the earth

Answer 4

• Al-Tabari says the word khalifah signifies the purpose behind man’s creation as Allah’s vicegerent
• To him, khalifah refers to prophet Adam and those who follow him in obeying Allah

Question 5

Explain khalaif

Answer 5

• To signify certain group of people
• Allah swt addressed the nation that substituted the perished nations with the term khalaif
• Hence, the word khalaif signifies the nations that succeeded the past nations destroyed due to their rejection in faith

Question 6

Explain divine appointment

Answer 6

• Human being were divinely appointed with the exclusive role of God’s representative

Question 7

Explain divine honour

Answer 7

• Human were taught knowledge that angels were not and also created in the best form of creation

-He (Allah) created mankind from a single person and soul, from that He created Hawa’
which resulted dispersion of numerous men and woman

• This shows that human is the special creation

Question 8

Explain deprivation of vicegerency to other creatures

Answer 8

• Other creatures were not chosen as khalifah, despite their obedience
• Animals and other being lack of intellect for such a role
• This shows the exclusive status of human in Allah’s creation and highlights the unique responsibility placed on human alone

Question 9

Explain subservience of all creatures to men

Answer 9

• Nature (moon, sun, rain) serves human needs
• For instance, animals can be used for food, transportation, and work
• If we count the Blessings of Allah, never will be able to count them
• In return of blessings, man are expected to acknowledge truth by recognize their Lord & appreciate His greatness.

Question 10

Terms to describe concept of khalifah al-ammah and the meaning

Answer 10

• Khalifah Al-Kawniyyah
• Khalifah Wujudiyyah
• Natural Khalifah
• khalifah Ammah refers to the duty of every Muslim to
  contribute his part in developing and improving the quality of life in this world based on his individual
  capability, to attain Allah’s pleasure

Question 11

Responsibilities of khalifah al-ammah

Answer 11

• The implementation of Allah’s will
• The performance of amal salih
• The administration & development of the world
• The promotion of goodness & prevention of evil

Question 12

Explain the implementation of Allah’s will

Answer 12

4 fundamental value
- The ultimate authority resides in Allah
- Humans act as implementers of His laws
- The administration of laws strictly adheres to His prescribed limits
- In administering His laws, humans execute His will and fulfill their purpose in life

• A khalifah must obey all of Allah’s commands as revealed in the Quran and Sunnah
• He should live his life according to the teachings and values of Islam
• Justice and fairness must be established in every action he takes
• As a servant of Allah, he must always seek to fulfill Allah’s pleasure

Question 13

Explain the performance of amal salih

Answer 13

• Make sure the prescribed duty is fulfilled with the standard of amal salih by fulfilling its
  precondition
• Always show good character by being honest, kind, and helpful to others
• Stay away from sinful actions that displease Allah
• The khalifah must encourage others to do good through his words and actions

Question 14

Explain the administration & development of the world

Answer 14

• The verb استعمركم is derived from عمر which means to build or to construct and the addition
  of “alif”, “sin” and “ta” is to indivate a request (Surah Hud :61)
• It is abvious that this ayah requires mankind to develop the earth for their benefits
• Allah creates everything in the heaven and the earth to be subservient to Him
• Humans are bestowed with the faculties of intellect and freedom of will
• To empower them to contribute to the betterment of the world, making it comfortable
  and suitable place to inhabit
• Humans also should employ their free will to enhance the world while meeting their life’s
  need, always within the boundaries set by Allah
• The freedom of will is not limitless but subject to Allah

Question 15

Explain the promotion of goodness & prevention of vices

Answer 15

• The Quran emphasizes the need to enjoin good and forbid evil to ensure that Allah’s
  commands prevail over what He forbids
• Failure to accomplish this duty will result in the destabilisation of world development and environmental pollution

Question 16

What is khalifah al- khassah

Answer 16

• refers to muslim leader who succeed the prophet muhammad as vicegerent, leading the islamic ummah
• this leader also organises worldly affairs in line with islamic teachings

Key qualities
- al- amanah: related to internal quality necessary for the job
- al- Quwwah: encompasses not only physical strength but also intellectual, mental, and spiritual strength

Question 17

What is the qualification of khalifah al- khassah based on al- mawardi and ibn- khaldun

Answer 17

Al- Mawardi
* Justice
* Knowledge
* Good health
* Perfect physical constitution
* Sound judgment
* Courage & bravery
* Member of the Quraisy family

Ibn- Khaldun
* Knowledge
* Probity (‘Adalah)
* Competence
* Free from physical & mental difects
* Member of the Quraisy family

Question 18

What is the definitions of leadership in islam

Answer 18

• process by which the leader seeks the voluntary participation of followers to reach organisational objectives

1) Defined by position: Leadership is the office or position of a leader; the office or position of the head of head of a political party or other body of people
2) Defined by process: Leadership is the ability to lead, guide, direct or influence people
3) Defined by relation: Leadership is guidance & direction consist two or more persons

Question 18

Responsibilities of khalifah al- khassah

Answer 18

1) To defend & maintain the religion
2) To decide on legal disputes
3) To protect the territory of Islam
4) To punish wrongdoes
5) To organize & collect taxes
6) To pay salaries & administer public funds
7) To appoint competent officials
8) To give personal attention to the details of government

Question 19

Leadership of prophets and messengers in islam

Answer 19

• Prophet Adam wo dared to admit mistakes
• Prophet Nuh who was a hard worker, patient, sincere, obedient to Allah
• Prophet Yusuf who was patient & became an economic strategist
• Prophet Isa who had a sharp intuition

Question 20

Characteristic of prophet muhammad described in the quran

Answer 20

• Gentle
• Polite
• Soft heated
• Forgiver
• A man who ceaselessly ask for forgiveness
• Deliberate
• Decisive
• Totally relying in Allah

Question 21

5 Key Principles of Prophetic Leadership in Islam

Answer 21

1) Obedience to Allah: prioritise in following & obeying the guidance

2) Fostering Brotherhood Among Muslims: work to strengthen the bonds of unity & brotherhood
within the Muslim community

3) Commitment to the Nation & State: be dedicated to the welfare & well-being

4) Upholding Human Rights: value & protect the rights & dignity of all individuals

5) Maintaing Work Motivation: motivate their followers to excel in their efforts & work

Question 22

Foundation of prophet Muhammad’s leadership

Answer 22

• Fatanah (wisdom)
• Amanah (trustworthiness)
• Sidq (truthfulness)
• Tabligh (communication)

Question 23

Explain fatanah (wisdom)

Answer 23

• Prophet Muhammad represented the concept of fatanah (intelligence) through his ability
  to understand and convey revelations
• The opposite of fatanah is jahalah (ignorance)
• He used his wisdom to answer questions and solve arguments clearly
• He explained hard things in simple words that people can understand
• He also give strong and smart answers that made people think and follow the truth
• Hence, knowledge is important to enable them to reflect their Taqwa towards Allah

Question 24

Explain amanah (trustworthiness)

Answer 24

* From the word “amana”, which means trust and security * Amanah is a fundamental aspect of faith, and therefore, faith is incomplete without it * The Prophet Muhammad was trusted by everyone even before he became a messenger, renowned with the title Al-Amin * He always kept promises and never broke anyone’s trust * People gave him things to keep safe, even from those who didn’t belive in Islam

Question 25

Explain sidq (truthfulness)

Answer 25

- Refers to a steadfast attituted of describing things truthfully without alteration, and alignment with reality - Leaders characterised by sidq consistently speak and act in accordance with their beliefs and free of any intention to deceive or seek praise - There are three types of truthfulness: (i) of speaking (ii) of heart; and (iii) of action - Truthfulness is needed in all things to ensure reliability and responsibility towards society

Question 26

Explain Tabligh (communication)

Answer 26

* Tabligh involves communicating a message with values and the right words * Prophet Muhammad’s exemplified tabligh by conveying Islamic teachings to humanity with wisdom, good lessons (maw’izah al-hasanah) and engaging in constructive debate * He stayed patient and calm even when people were rude or rejected him * The Prophet Muhammad shared Islam with kindness * When someone told him to curse the Qurasyh disbelievers, he said he was sent as a messenger of mercy, not to curse people * This highlight the importance of delivering the message with compassion and understanding rather than with hostility and curses