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RELG 204 > Islam vocabulary > Flashcards

Islam vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

‘abd

A
  • Servant, worshipper, slave
  • All things in the universe are God’s compulsory servants because they are created by him
  • We also need to be voluntary servants to serve our purpose
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2
Q

Adam

A

-God molded his body out of clay, blew hi sown spirit into him, taught him all the names, appointed him vicegerent in the earth

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3
Q

amana

A
  • Trust
  • Special responsibility that God offered to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains, but they all refused–then human beings agreed
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4
Q

aya

A
  • Sign
  • Anything in the universe that gives news of God
  • Standard term that is employed to refer to the subunits of the suras (chapters of Koran)
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5
Q

ayatollah (ayatallah)

A
  • Sign of God
  • Anything in the universe is a sign of god
  • Designation for high ranking ulama in Iran, nowadays for prominent mullah
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6
Q

companions (sahaba)

A
  • Those who met the Prophet and accepted his message

- Often contrasted with “followers,” those who met any of the companions

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7
Q

dhikr

A
  • To mention, to remind, to remember
  • Primary function of prophets and scriptures
  • The human response
  • Special form of prayer is also called dhikr
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8
Q

du’a

A
  • Supplication

- A form of prayer in which people make personal requests from God

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9
Q

fitra

A
  • The original human nature as created by God

- Its fundamental attribute is the understanding of tawhid

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10
Q

ghafla

A
  • Heedlessness

- The basic human shortcoming; contrasted with dhikr

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11
Q

ghayb

A
  • Absent, unseen, invisible
  • This is an attribute of God, the angels, and the jinn
  • Ghayb and shahada (witnessed, visible) make up the two main worlds of the cosmos
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12
Q

Hadith

A
  • The sayings of the Prophet himself or his companions concerning his activities
  • Contrasted with Koran, which is word of God
  • Gathered in a number of collections
  • A hadith–a saying found in the Hadith
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13
Q

hadith qudsi

A
  • Holy saying

- A hadith that quotes God’s Word directly

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14
Q

hajj

A
  • The pilgrimage to Mecca that is incumbent on all Muslims at least once in their lifetime if they have the means to go
  • One of Islam’s Five Pillars
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15
Q

halal

A
  • Permissible according to a ruling of the Shariah

- Contrasted with haram

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16
Q

haram

A
  • Forbidden by the Shariah

- Contrasted with both halal and wajib

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17
Q

hijra

A
  • The emigration from Mecca to Medina by the Prophet in 622 CE
  • Because of the importance of this event in Islamic history, it marks the first year of the Islamic calendar
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18
Q

‘ibada

A
  • To worship, to serve, to be a servant

- Basic duty of human beings, failing which they cannot achieve vicegerency

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19
Q

Iblis

A
  • Proper name of Satan
  • He was created of fire
  • He was brought close to God but refused to prostrate himself before Adam and therefore sent down indisgrace
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20
Q

ihsan

A

-Doing what is beautiful, the third dimension of Islam

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21
Q

imam

A
  • Leader; the person who leads the salat when Muslims pray together
  • Prayer-leader in a mosque
  • Not to be confused with IMAN!
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22
Q

iman

A
  • Faith, the second dimension of Islam
  • Its objects are God, the angels, the scriptures, the prophets, the Last Day, and the measuring out
  • Opposite is kufr
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23
Q

Islam

A
  • Submission to God
    1) The fact that every created thing submits to God by being God’s handiwork (no choice involved)
    2) Islam means submission to God’s guidance as brought by prophets (choice)
    3) submission to the guidance of God as brought in the Koran
    4) Observing the 5 pillars and Shariah
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24
Q

jihad

A
  • Struggle in the path of God
  • Personal struggle against one’s shortcomings as to perfect submission
  • Battle against enemies of Islam as regulated by Shariah
  • A war perceived by the participants as “just”
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25
Q

jinn

A

-Creatures of ambiguous and somewhat mysterious nature who were created out of fire, which combines the qualities of light and clay
-Lightness similar to angels, darkness similar to bodily things
Ex. Satan
-Jinn is divided into two main groups: Followers of iblis (satan) and followers of prophets

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26
Q

jism

A
  • Body; anything perceived by the 5 senses
  • What God pairs with the spirit in order to being a creature into existence
  • Soul is halfway between body and spirit
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27
Q

jurisprudence (fiqh)

A

-The science that takes the Shariah as its object of study

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28
Q

jurist

A

-An expert in jurisprudence

29
Q

Kaaba

A
  • Literally, “cube”
  • Main islamic sanctuary in Mecca, also called “House of God”
  • Marks the direction in which people face when they perform salat
  • Focus of rites performed during hajj
30
Q

kafir

A
  • Truth concealer

- Someone who has the attribute of kufr

31
Q

Kalam

A
  • Dogmatic theology
  • One of the three intellectual schools that investigate the meaning of the objects of faith
  • Kalam takes a defensive stance toward the Koran–major tool of reason/rational investigation
32
Q

khalifa

A
  • Vicegerent or representative of God
  • Depends upon being a proper servant
  • In Islamic politics, it is they vicegerents or successors of the Prophet
33
Q

kiblah

A
  • The direction of Mecca

- Muslims face toward the kiblah when they perform the salat

34
Q

Koran

A
  • Scripture of Islam

- Word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by means of angel Gabriel

35
Q

kufr

A
  • Ungrateful truth concealing

- Opposite of iman and shukr (Gratitude)

36
Q

ma’ad

A
  • The return to God, the third principle of iman

- Often translated as “eschatology”

37
Q

madhhab

A

A school of jurisprudence

38
Q

madrasah

A

School, place of study.

39
Q

malak

A

-Angel
-Literally, “messenger”
A kind of creature typically contrasted with human beings and animals, often with jinn as well
-Never disobey God

40
Q

mi’raj

A
  • Literally, “ladder”
  • The ascent of the Prophet to God, an event that plays an important role in Muslim conceptualizations of the nature of the cosmos and human perfection
41
Q

mullah

A

One of the professional ulama.

42
Q

mushrik

A

One who has the attribute of shirk.

43
Q

muslim

A

-One who has the attribute of islam

44
Q

nabi

A
  • Prophet
  • A human being who brings guidance from God to other human beings
  • Often used synonymously with rasul (messenger), which has a higher rank with God
45
Q

nafs

A
  • Soul, self
  • Refers to the human self as a whole
  • Qualities stand halfway between those of spirit and body
46
Q

nubuwwa

A
  • Prophecy, the second principle of iman

- Derived from the word nabi

47
Q

Pillars

A
  • Five basic activities that are made incumbent upon Muslims by the Korn and the Hadith
  • Shahadah, salat, the fast of Ramadan, zakat, and hajj
48
Q

Three principles

A
  • The fundamental ideas that undergird Islamic thinking and form the basis of Islamic faith
  • tawhid, nubuwwa, and ma’ad
49
Q

qadar

A
  • Measuring out

- One of the objects of iman

50
Q

Ramadan

A
  • The ninth month of the Islamic calendar

- Fasting every day during this month from dawn until sunset is one of the Five Pillars

51
Q

rasul

A
  • Messenger, specific kind of prophet

- They establish religions

52
Q

ruh

A
  • Spirit
  • The divine breath of God
  • Lies on a higher level than the soul
  • Partaking of all the attributes of God in a direct manner
53
Q

salat

A
  • A form of Islamic prayer

- The five daily salats are one of the Five Pillars

54
Q

Shahadah

A
  • The “witnessing”
  • Testimony of faith: “There is no God but God”, and “Muhammad is the messenger of God”
  • ^^ First pillar of islam: First part = basic definition of tawhid
55
Q

Shariah

A
  • Literally, the “road leading to water”
  • The revealed Law, which establishes the commands and prohibitions of the religion
  • Based on Koran
56
Q

Shi’ism

A
  • One of the two major branches of Islam, about 15%

- Distinguished from Sunnis in faith

57
Q

shirk

A
  • Associating others with God
  • Only unforgivable sin
  • Consists of thinking or acting as if anything other than God shares attributes of God
  • Opposite of tawhid
58
Q

Sunna

A
  • Way of living set down by the Prophet
  • Model that muslims follow to lead a life pleasing to God
  • Basic source for the Sunna is the Hadith
59
Q

Sunnism

A

The larger of the two major branches of Islam, about 85%

60
Q

sura

A
  • Chapter of the Koran
  • There are 114
  • Literally means “fence” or “enclosure”
61
Q

tanzih

A
  • God’s incomparability with his creatures
  • His transcendence
  • Complement of the tashbih
62
Q

taqwa

A
  • God-wariness
  • One of the most highly praised human qualities in the Koran
  • Closely connected to ihsan
63
Q

tariqah

A
  • Literally “the path” that leads to encounter with God here and now
  • Narrow path, compared to the broad path of all Muslim people that simply follow the Shariah
64
Q

tawhid

A
  • Literally “asserting unity”
  • Affirmation of God’s oneness
  • First principle of faith in Islam
  • First formula of Shahadah
  • Involves simultaneous affirmation of tanzih and tashbih
65
Q

tashbih

A
  • The similarity of God with his creatures
  • His imminence within creation
  • The complement of tanzih
66
Q

ulama

A
  • The learned, those with knowledge
  • Muslims who devote their lives to the religion
  • Usually refers to jurists
67
Q

Vicegerency

A

The attribute of the khalifa.

68
Q

wajib

A
  • Incumbent according to the Shariah
  • Ex. salat
  • One of the five categories in which all acts are placed
69
Q

zakat

A
  • Alms-tax

- One of the five pillars

RELG 204 (8 decks)

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