Isomers

Question 1

Structural isomers

Answer 1

same molecular formula but different structural formula (connected in different ways).
3 types of structural isomers – chain, position and functional group.

Question 2

Chain isomers

Answer 2

same functional groups but different arrangements of the carbon skeleton. Some are straight chained while others are branched in different ways.

Question 3

Position Isomers

Answer 3

same skeleton and same atoms or groups of atoms attached. Only difference is that the atoms or groups are attached to different carbon atoms.

Question 4

Functional group isomers

Answer 4

same atoms arranged into different functional groups.

Question 5

Stereoisomers

Answer 5

isomers that differ in spatial arrangement of atoms, rather than order of atomic connectivity

Question 6

Chiral molecules

Answer 6

contain at least one carbon atom with four nonidentical substituents. Such a carbon atom is called a chiral center

Question 7

Enantiomers

Answer 7

chiral molecules that are mirror images of one another
molecules are non-superimposable on one another
molecules cannot be placed on top of one another and give the same molecule

Question 8

racemic mixture

Answer 8

consists of chiral molecules, but it has no net optical activity

Question 9

process by which a racemic mixture is formed

Answer 9

racemization
One way to do this is to mix equal amounts of enantiomeric substances