Isomers Flashcards
(17 cards)
2 big types of isomer
Structural isomer
Stereoisomer
Types of structural isomers
Positional
Chain
Functional group
Types of stereoisomer
Optical
Geometrical
Define structural isomer
Same molecular formula but
different structural formula
Define stereoisomers
Same molecular formula, same structural formula, but different spatial arrangement of atoms
Simply, chain isomer is…
single chain to branched chains or vice versa
Positional isomer is…
Numbers of branches or functional groups are changes
Functional group isomer is…
Change functional group.
Give pairs of functional group isomers
Alkene - cycloalkanes
C. acid - ester
Aldehyde - ketone
Alcohol - ether (like ester but no c=o)
What causes geometrical isome
Double bond outside of cyclic
(GIVEN at each double bonds has distinct groups)
Cyclic with branches on the cyclic
What decides cis or trans geometrical isomer
Two of the heaviest groups are side by side = cis
Otherwise trans.
What shows an optical isomer?
Mirror but not superimposible
Can a chiral centre carbon have a double bond?
NO
How to find number of optical isomers?
2ⁿ , where n=no. of chiral centres
Which isomers have consistent physical property
optical isomers ONLY
Which isomers have consistent chemical properties?
chain isomer
positional isomer
geometrical isomer
Optical isomer
which has higher boiling point and melting point?
Trans or cis
Cis higher boiling point
Trans higher melting point
