Isomers

Question 1

Constitutional isomers

Answer 1

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different bond connectivity.

Question 2

Conformational isomers

Answer 2

Isomers by rotation around a carbon-carbon bond.

Question 3

Stereoisomers

Answer 3

Isomers by orientation in space.

Conformational

Configurational
* Enantiomers
* Diastereomers

Question 4

Enantiomers

Answer 4

Stereoisomers that are mirror images but which are non-superposable.

Question 4

Diastereomers

Answer 4

Stereoisomers that are not mirror images and which are non-superimposable.

Question 5

Newman projection

Answer 5

Diagram of a molecule seen through a particular carbon-carbon bond.

Question 6

Staggered

Answer 6

Evenly distributed newman projection.

Question 7

Eclipsed

Answer 7

Aligned newman projection.

Question 8

Configurational isomer nomenclature

Answer 8

Z and E

Z = zusammen (together)
E = entgegen (opposite)

Question 9

Chiral

Answer 9

Non-superimposable on mirror image.

Question 10

Achiral

Answer 10

Superimposable on mirror image.

Question 11

Steriocentre

Answer 11

sp3 hybridised carbon with four different groups attached.

Question 12

Enantiomer nonclemature

Answer 12

R and S

R = clockwise priority about steriocentre
S = anti-clockwise priority about steriocentre

Question 13

Geometric isomers

Answer 13

Cis = orientation on the same side of a bond
Trans = orientation on opposite sides of a bond

Question 14

Polarimetre

Answer 14

Measures the interaction of enantiomers with polarised light.

D = dextrorotation (clockwise)
L = levorotation (anti-clockwise)

Question 15

Racemic mixture

Answer 15

Equal proportion of R and S enantiomers prevents rotation of polarised light.