ISR Fundamentals

Question 1

What are intelligence types and sources

Answer 1

SIGINT - signals
COMINT - communications
ELINT - Electronic
FISINT - Foreign instrumentation signals
MASINT - Measurement and signature
IMINT - Imagery
GEOINT - Geo spacial
ACINT - Acoustics
HUMINT - Human 
OSINT - Open source

Question 2

What are the 3 types of intelligence within SIGINT?

Answer 2

COMINT
ELINT
FISINT

Question 3

What is COMINT?

Answer 3

Intelligence from electromagnetic comms and comms systems “voice”

Question 4

What is ELINT?

Answer 4

Intelligence derived from EM non communications transmissions “Radar”

Question 5

What is FISINT?

Answer 5

Intelligence derived from the interception of foreign EM emissions from anything other than voice or radar.

Question 6

What is MASINT?

Answer 6

Measurement and signature int.

Detect, track, identify/describe the signatures of fixed or dynamic target sources “VC2”

Question 7

What is IMINT?

Answer 7

Information via satellite or aerial imagery

Question 8

What is GEOINT?

Answer 8

Intelligence derived from the exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospacial information to depict physical features and geographically referenced activities.
“Google maps”

Question 9

What is ACINT?

Answer 9

Intelligence derived from sound, primarily through movement to detect and track submarines by active and passive sonar.

Question 10

What is HUMINT?

Answer 10

Interrogation, agent handling, meetings (Shuras) & observation

Question 11

What is OSINT?

Answer 11

Social media, news outlets, janes publications & internet.

Question 12

What are the intelligence levels?

Answer 12

Strategic “the government”
Operational “military”
Tactical “troops on the ground”

Question 13

What is the intelligence cycle?

Answer 13

Intelligence customers

Intelligence requirements manager

Direction - Collections manager - Collection - Processing - Dissemination

Question 14

What is the ISR cycle?

Answer 14

TCPEDF

Task - Collect - Process - Exploit - Disseminate - Feedback

Question 15

What are the types of tasking?

Answer 15

Deliberate - Standard mission planning process
AD-HOC - An amendment to an already allocated mission prior to execution
Dynamic - Amendment to an allocated mission during execution

Question 16

What are the types of reconnaissance and surveillance tasks?

Answer 16

TIMES FIA

Targeting objectives
Indicators and warnings
Monitor enemy activity
Enemy order of battle
Situation development

Force protection
Intelligence preparation of the environment
Assessments

Question 17

What is targeting objectives?

Answer 17

Detection, location, identification and analysis of potential targets

Question 18

What are indicators and warnings?

Answer 18

Assess an enemies offensive and defensive force capabilities

Question 19

What is Monitor enemy activity?

Answer 19

To provide commanders with informationto aid planning by continuously monitoring enemy activity.

Question 20

What is enemy order of battle?

Answer 20

Use intelligence to estimate enemy capabilites, limitations, vulnerabilites and intentions.

Question 21

What is situation development?

Answer 21

Collection of critical information needed to assess the current situation. Aids commander to confirm accuracy of IPOE, EOB and reduce uncertainty.

Question 22

What is Force protection?

Answer 22

To guard the force against the effects of enemy actions.

Question 23

What is intelligence preparation of the environment?

Answer 23

Systematic, continuous analysis of the enemy and battlespace environments.

Question 24

What are Assessments?

Answer 24

Battle damage assessment ie the success of a military operation

Question 25

In tasking, what are the 5 principles?

Answer 25

WHERE to collect WHAT effect is required WHEN is collection required and for how long WHEN is the product required WHAT is the required format for the product and who needs it

Question 26

What are the requirements of an effective ISR system?

Answer 26

CARTSSS ``` Continuous coverage Accuracy Reliability Timeliness Suitability Survivability Standardisation (intelligence needs to be reported in a suitable format) ```

Question 27

What are the considerations when selecting an ISR asset?

Answer 27

ACVPH Availability Capability Vulnerability Performance & history

Question 28

What are the stages of the process stage within the ISR process?

Answer 28

Collation | Evalutation

Question 29

What are the stages of the Exploit process within the ISR Process?

Answer 29

Evaluation - for intelligence potential Analysis - reviewed for significant facts Integration - fed into intelligence picture Interpretation - evaluated within broader intelligence picture Finished product/output - ready for dissemination

Question 30

What is the purpose of the Disseminate stage within the ISR Process?

Answer 30

Timely provision of the information to those who need it, in the requested format and through the communication means specified in the task stage (Graphical, Textual or Voice).

Question 31

What are the 5 key principles of the Disseminate stage of the ISR Process?

Answer 31

Timeliness Appropriate - optimal format Urgency Distribution - via sutiable means to those who need it Security - appropriate protective marking/access

Question 32

What are the key principles of the Feedback stage of the ISR Process?

Answer 32

2 way Strive to improve the process Can't always happen Difficult to do Measure of Effectiveness without Feedback