issues and debates in psychology

Question 1

What is the nature-nurture debate in psychology?

Answer 1

The nature-nurture debate discusses whether human behavior is determined by genetics (nature) or environment and experiences (nurture).

Question 2

True or False: The biological approach in psychology emphasizes the role of environmental factors.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The __________ approach focuses on observable behaviors and the ways they’re learned.

Answer 3

behaviorist

Question 4

What does the term ‘determinism’ refer to in psychology?

Answer 4

Determinism refers to the idea that all behavior is determined by preceding events or factors, limiting free will.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which approach emphasizes mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving? A) Biological B) Cognitive C) Psychodynamic D) Humanistic

Answer 5

B) Cognitive

Question 6

What is the focus of the humanistic approach?

Answer 6

The humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the concept of free will.

Question 7

True or False: Psychodynamic theories prioritize conscious thought over unconscious processes.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What is reductionism in psychology?

Answer 8

Reductionism is the approach of analyzing complex phenomena by breaking them down into simpler components.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The __________ debate examines whether research findings can be generalized across different cultures.

Answer 9

cultural

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a key issue in psychology? A) Ethics B) Nature vs. Nurture C) Cognitive D) Gender Roles

Answer 10

C) Cognitive

Question 11

What is the ethical principle of ‘informed consent’?

Answer 11

Informed consent is the process of ensuring that participants are fully aware of the nature and risks of the research before agreeing to participate.

Question 12

True or False: Ethical guidelines in psychology are designed to protect the welfare of participants.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What does the term ‘validity’ refer to in psychological research?

Answer 13

Validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately measures what it intends to measure.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the consistency of a measure across time or different instances.

Answer 14

Reliability

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which research method involves manipulating one variable to determine its effect on another? A) Correlational Study B) Experimental Study C) Case Study D) Survey

Answer 15

B) Experimental Study

Question 16

What is the focus of social psychology?

Answer 16

Social psychology focuses on how individuals are influenced by the social environment and the presence of others.

Question 17

True or False: Qualitative research methods are primarily concerned with numerical data.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?

Answer 18

A control group serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the independent variable against.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The __________ approach in psychology examines the influence of societal and cultural factors on behavior.

Answer 19

socio-cultural

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which ethical issue involves the right of participants to withdraw from a study at any time? A) Deception B) Confidentiality C) Informed Consent D) Right to Withdraw

Answer 20

D) Right to Withdraw

Question 21

What is the significance of the Milgram experiment in psychology?

Answer 21

The Milgram experiment demonstrated the extent to which individuals would obey authority figures, even when asked to perform unethical acts.

Question 22

True or False: The placebo effect can influence the results of psychological research.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What does the term ‘cultural relativism’ mean in psychology?

Answer 23

Cultural relativism is the view that behavior must be understood in the context of the culture in which it occurs.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the tendency to attribute one’s own successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.

Answer 24

Self-serving bias

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which psychological principle suggests that people are more likely to conform in a group setting? A) Social Facilitation B) Groupthink C) Social Influence D) Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 25

C) Social Influence

Question 26

What is the main focus of developmental psychology?

Answer 26

Developmental psychology studies the psychological growth and changes that occur throughout a person's lifespan.

Question 27

True or False: The ethical principle of confidentiality ensures that participants' information is kept private.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods?

Answer 28

Qualitative research methods focus on understanding human behavior through non-numerical data, while quantitative methods rely on numerical data and statistical analysis.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: __________ is the ethical principle that requires psychologists to avoid causing harm to participants.

Answer 29

Non-maleficence