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IT Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the primary purpose of DARPA in the late 1960s?

A

To find different communication ways of networks of computers that coordinate and control nuclear weapons.

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2
Q

What was the name of the network created by ARPA in 1969?

A

ARPANET.

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3
Q

What major protocol suite was developed from the ARPAnet protocol suite?

A

TCP/IP protocol suite.

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4
Q

What distinguishes circuit-switched networks from packet-switched networks?

A

Circuit-switched networks establish a direct physical connection, while packet-switched networks divide data into packets that can take different paths.

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5
Q

Define an Internet.

A

A group of networks that are connected to each other.

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6
Q

What is the largest internetwork called?

A

The Internet.

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7
Q

List three fast-growing Internet technologies.

A
  • World-Wide Web (TCP/IP to the masses)
  • Multimedia streaming
  • Wireless networks.
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8
Q

What are some main services provided by the Internet?

A
  • World Wide Web (WWW)
  • Video conferencing
  • File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
  • Telnet
  • Email
  • Internet Relay Chat (IRC).
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9
Q

Who governs the Internet?

A

No corporation owns or operates all networks; there is no governing body.

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10
Q

What organization is responsible for domain registration?

A

Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC).

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11
Q

What two main technologies are essential in connecting computers on the Internet?

A
  • DNS - Domain Name System
  • IP - Internet Protocol addresses.
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12
Q

Which organization manages the root name server of the Internet?

A

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).

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13
Q

What is an Intranet?

A

A private version of the Internet used internally within an organization.

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14
Q

List some applications of an Intranet.

A
  • Sharing of company policies
  • Access employee database
  • Distribution of circulars
  • Access product & customer data.
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15
Q

What is an Extranet?

A

An Intranet for outside authorized users using the same Internet technology.

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16
Q

What is the role of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

A

To provide individuals and companies access to the Internet and related services.

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17
Q

What protocol is used for communication between a user and their ISP?

A

Point to Point Protocol (PPP).

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18
Q

What are the main categories of DSL services?

A
  • ADSL
  • VDSL.
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19
Q

What does ADSL stand for?

A

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.

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20
Q

What is one characteristic of VDSL?

A

Provides data rates up to 52 Mbit/s downstream.

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21
Q

What are two types of Wireless Internet access?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fixed Wireless
  • Mobile internet access.
22
Q

List some advantages of using the Internet.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Enables communication across networks
  • Addresses reliability and flexibility issues
  • Allows access to latest news and online reference.
23
Q

List some disadvantages of using the Internet.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Information overload
  • Wrong information
  • Viruses and identity theft.
24
Q

Who proposed the idea of the World Wide Web?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau.

25
In which year was the World Wide Web released for free?
1993.
26
What concept had evolved decades before the invention of the World Wide Web?
The Hypertext concept.
27
Who proposed the idea behind the World Wide Web?
Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau ## Footnote Both were scientists working at CERN in 1990.
28
What year did CERN release the World Wide Web for free?
1993 ## Footnote This was a significant step in making the Web accessible to the public.
29
What does HTTP stand for?
Hypertext Transfer Protocol ## Footnote It is a protocol used to connect hypertext to the Internet.
30
What is the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
The Internet is the hardware and software protocols enabling communication, while the World Wide Web is a software system residing on the Internet that uses hypertext protocol to link documents. ## Footnote Users need access to the Internet and a web browser to access the Web.
31
What is a web server?
A web server can refer to either the hardware or software that responds to requests from a web browser. ## Footnote Common uses include hosting websites and data storage.
32
List the four major functions of a web server.
* Serving web pages * Running gateway programs (CGI) * Controlling access to the server * Monitoring and logging all access
33
What are the three main technologies used to create web pages?
* HTML * CSS * JavaScript
34
What is the primary purpose of HTML?
To describe the general form and layout of documents for display in a browser. ## Footnote HTML cannot be used to describe computations.
35
What does XML stand for?
eXtensible Markup Language ## Footnote It allows information to be stored and interchanged among Internet-connected devices.
36
What is Web 1.0 known as?
The Read-Only era ## Footnote It was characterized by hyper-linking and bookmarking, with users only viewing content.
37
Who popularized the term Web 2.0?
Tim O'Reilly ## Footnote He referred to it in 2004 as a second generation of Internet-based services emphasizing collaboration.
38
What does Web 3.0 emphasize?
The intelligent Web, using technologies like semantic web and artificial intelligence for better user experiences.
39
What are some popular web browsers?
* Microsoft Internet Explorer * Firefox * Opera
40
What is a URL?
Uniform Resource Locator ## Footnote It is the unique address for a file accessible on the Internet.
41
What are the three parts of a URL?
* Network protocol * Host name or address * File or resource location
42
What does IP stand for?
Internet Protocol ## Footnote Every device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address.
43
Which organization defines web standards?
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) ## Footnote Their goals include universal access and development of the semantic web.
44
What is the main task of client-side programming?
To create interactive webpages and manage the user interface. ## Footnote It involves technologies like JavaScript, CSS, and HTML.
45
What is the main task of server-side programming?
To generate dynamic content based on user input and interact with databases.
46
Fill in the blank: The first generation of the Web is called _______.
Web 1.0
47
True or False: Web 2.0 allows users to contribute content.
True
48
What are some server-side programming languages?
* PHP * ASP.NET * Ruby on Rails * Python
49
What are the main tasks of a web server?
* Serving web pages * Running CGI programs * Controlling access * Monitoring access logs
50
What does CSS stand for?
Cascading Style Sheets ## Footnote It is used for applying visual styles to web documents.

IT-chapter 1 (2 decks)

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