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CLEP Amer Hist 1 > IT Fundamentals > Flashcards

IT Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is Virtualization?

A

Creating something digitally as opposed to physically using a hypervisor.

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2
Q

What is the Computer Sandwich?

A

Software, Operating System, Hardware

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3
Q

What is a Hypervisor?

A

A software that allows us to create virtual machines to communicate between the host OS and Guest’s OS. Also known as the Virtual Machine Manager.

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4
Q

What are some examples of Hypervisors?

A

Oracle VirtualBox, Microsoft Hyper V, VMWare, Parallels Desktop (Mac Only)

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5
Q

What are the types of Hypervisors?

A

Type 1 (Bare Metal) is a hypervisor installed directly to the hardware with no host OS. Type 2 is installed into the Host OS.

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6
Q

How do you access your virtual machines?

A

For Type 1, you can use a web browser or a hypervisor application on a different computer. Type 2, the same as above with the addition off the hypervisor app on the same computer.

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7
Q

Why use Virtual Machines?

A

Reduce IT Hardware expenses, Easy to Add/Remove VMs, Easy to share VMs, Better security as VMs are isolated from each other.

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8
Q

What does CMOS stand for and what does it do?

A

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. CMOS is a type of integrated circuit that holds basic configuration information for the computer. Your BIOS and the current date and time are examples.

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9
Q

What does a Chipset do?

A

Provides Communications between different components using controllers.

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10
Q

What is the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

A

Volatile memory is lost when power is lost.

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11
Q

What is RAM an acronym for?

A

Random Access Memory

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12
Q

What does RAM do?

A

It is the Principal storage space for computer data and program instructions.

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13
Q

What does DIMM and SODIMM stand for? What types of computers use each? What are these terms describing?

A

Dual Inline Memory Modules and Small Outline Dual Inline Memory, Desktop and Laptop respectively, RAM

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14
Q

What is a heatsink and what does it do?

A

A piece of metal that pulls heat away from the CPU through surface area.

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15
Q

What are the motherboard sizes?

A

ATX, Micro ATX, ITX

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16
Q

What is a BUS?

A

A common collection of signal pathways over which related devices communicate with the computer system.

17
Q

What does USB stand for?

A

Universal Serial BUS

18
Q

What is a PGA and an LGA? How are they different?

A

Pin Grid Array has holes that the processor’s pins go into and a lever locking mechanism. Land Grid Array have pins that connect into the CPU with a locking harness.

19
Q

What are the 3 types of expansion slots on a motherboard?

A

PCI, AGP, and PCIe

20
Q

What is a disc controller?

A

A hard drive

21
Q

What is a SATA and what is it’s function?

A

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, defines how data is transferred between the computer and mass storage devices

22
Q

What does BIOS stand for?

A

Basic Input Output System

23
Q

What’s the difference between Software and Firmware?

A

Firmware is software that is encoded in hardware.

24
Q

What does POST stand for and what does it do?

A

Power On Self Test. It verifies the BIOS, confirms the size of the primary memory, analyzes hardware such as buses and boot software, offers the user a key sequence to config, and hands control to the boot device.

25
Q

What is “Flashing the BIOS”

A

Manually downloading an update for your BIOS.

26
Q

What 3 CPU architectures are there?

A

32-bit, 64-bit, ARM

27
Q

What are the 3 caches on the motherboard called and which is fastest?

A

L1, L2, L3. L1 is fastestf4 because it’s smallest.

28
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic memory?

A

Static is non volatile memory, so it’s retained without power. Dynamic is Volatile memory, meaning it is lost when power is lost.

29
Q

What is the difference between ROM and RAM?

A

Read Only Memory chips store data permanently and are not changed. Random Access Memory can be written and rewritten.

30
Q

What does DDR stand for?

A

Double Data Rate

31
Q

What are some examples of things that can into expansion slots?

A

Graphics cards, Network Interface Cards (NIC), Sound Card, Video Capture Card, or Hardware Security Modules (HSM)

32
Q
A
33
Q
A

CLEP Amer Hist 1 (3 decks)

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