italy booklet 4

Question 1

what was the tension between church and state named?

Answer 1

fractious cohabitation

Question 2

what was Darwin’s book published in 1859?

Answer 2

Darwin’s origin of species

Question 3

when was the syllabus of errors finalised and released by the church?

Answer 3

1864

Question 4

what year did the state demand the church hand over property?

Answer 4

1866

Question 5

when did the pope declare himself a prisoner in the Vatican?

Answer 5

1870

Question 6

what were the issues with southern voting?

Answer 6

corrupt, e.g.Nice, “no” slips not even brought to the voting systems.

Question 7

what law was implemented in 1859 in north but not south?

Answer 7

the Casati law (made primary education compulsary)

Question 8

what happened in October 1850 and what was Cavour’s reaction?

Answer 8

bourbon agents led a peasant uprising, Cavour ordered Farina to head south and crush opposition

Question 9

Feb 1861, how many decrees were enforced in how many days in Naples?

Answer 9

53 decrees, 2 days.

Question 10

what is the furthest south Cavour had ever travelled?

Answer 10

Tuscany

Question 11

How many monasteries/convents were dissolutioned in order to pay for education?

Answer 11

2382

Question 12

what did Modena do in August 1860?

Answer 12

voted for annexation by Piedmont

Question 13

what was the Piedmont debt in 1861 and why did it almost double 4 years later?

Answer 13

2450m lire, Piedmont took on smller states debts

Question 14

by 1866, what % of state expenditure was taken up by the deficit?

Answer 14

60%

Question 15

when was the grist tax introduced and what was the reaction?

Answer 15

1868, led to riots where 250 died and 1000 were wounded

Question 16

after an act in 1867, how many acres of church land were sold?

Answer 16

9m acres, 9 years

Question 17

who owned land in the south?

Answer 17

middle classes, peasants forced to sell

Question 18

what % of each years’ agriculture produce was used to repay debts?

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

by 1861, how many people were employed in industry?

Answer 19

3 million

Question 20

what % of those 3m employed in industry were women and children?

Answer 20

80%

Question 21

by unification, how many km of railway was there?

Answer 21

2773km

Question 22

when were venetian and lombardy railway systems linked?

Answer 22

1857

Question 23

when was the mount Cenis tunnel through the alps completed?

Answer 23

1871

Question 24

what did the mount Cenis tunnel do?

Answer 24

created trade but only in the north, creating a duel economy.

Question 25

what did Crispi write in August 1866?

Answer 25

'to be italian was something we once longed for, now in present circumstances it is shameful"

Question 26

when was there great rejoicing in Venice at the Austrian's departure?

Answer 26

October 1866

Question 27

in the war, how many Italians vs how many Austrians?

Answer 27

250000 italians vs 130000 Austrians

Question 28

what % of the Italian army ever reached the front?

Answer 28

25%

Question 29

when was the battle of Custozza, what happened?

Answer 29

24 June 1866, austria destroyed italian forces

Question 30

when was the battle of Sadowa, what happened?

Answer 30

July 3, Prussians crushed Austrians

Question 31

when was the Armastice signed (without consulting Italy)?

Answer 31

July 26, Italy officially laid down arms on August 12

Question 32

what fraction of national expenditure was on armed forces?

Answer 32

1/4

Question 33

how were local government's work enforced?

Answer 33

by the Carbinieri, supported by 18000 local police

Question 34

1871, what % of children died before their 1st and 5th birthdays?

Answer 34

22.7% and 50%

Question 35

1871, how many Italians emigrated?

Answer 35

120000

Question 36

1870, what was the Italian court system?

Answer 36

2 courts, one in the Vatican/church and one in rome which catholics refused to take use

Question 37

what was the national debt and what did the government do to pay it back?

Answer 37

2.5bn lire debt, increase taxes

Question 38

1862, how many Brigands were in Neapolitan provinces?

Answer 38

82000

Question 39

what was the size of the Piedmontese army to deal with Brigands?

Answer 39

120000

Question 40

when did the Brigand war end?

Answer 40

1865, Brigand leaders e.g. Crocco fled

Question 41

where did Austria have no intention of leaving?

Answer 41

Venetia

Question 42

what did Prussia do to weaken Austria's position?

Answer 42

made a free trade treaty with France in 1862, excluding Austria

Question 43

how any men in how many years tried to replace Cavour?

Answer 43

5 men, 5 years

Question 44

what % of the population was the electorate?

Answer 44

2%

Question 45

how many members of parliament were there, voted for by how many people?

Answer 45

443 members, 150000 voters

Question 46

when did the pope officially recognise the kingdom of Italy?

Answer 46

1929!

Question 47

When was the capital officially moved from Florence to Rome?

Answer 47

July 1871

Question 48

August 29 1862, what happened to Garibaldi and his army?

Answer 48

Aspromonte mountains Garibaldi shot in the foot and some of his troops executed

Question 49

April 1865, Florence proclaimed as the capital, how did Garibaldi react?

Answer 49

hoped to start uprisings "to capture Rome and abolish the pope" but failed

Question 50

how and when did the French stop Garibaldi?

Answer 50

defeated Garibaldi at Mentana on November 3 1867

Question 51

Garibaldi was wrong on 3 counts, what were they?

Answer 51

1. underestimated the french 2. Italian army would protect the pope 3. uprisings against the pope would always fail, as vital to the people