italy booklet 4 page 18 Flashcards
(20 cards)
When was the Kingdom of Italy proclaimed?
1861 — under Victor Emmanuel II.
What areas were missing from Italy in 1861?
Venetia (Austrian control) and Rome (under Papal/French control).
What is “Piedmontisation”?
Imposing Piedmont’s constitution (Statuto Albertino) and political model across Italy without consultation.
How many deputies in the first Italian Parliament were from the north?
About 370 out of 452.
What was the Brigandage War and when did it happen?
Southern uprising against Piedmontese rule, 1861–65; 100,000 troops sent to suppress it.
How many deaths were caused by Piedmontese suppression of brigandage?
10,000–20,000 deaths (estimated).
Name an example of Piedmontese brutality during Brigandage.
Massacre of Pontelandolfo (1861).
What was the economic divide between North and South Italy?
North: industrialising; South: agricultural and impoverished; worsened by tariffs and taxes like the grist tax.
What was southern illiteracy compared to northern literacy?
~90% illiteracy in the south vs ~50% literacy in the north.
What was the Aspromonte Incident (1862)?
Garibaldi wounded by government forces while trying to march on Rome.
What key territorial gain did Italy achieve in 1866?
Annexation of Venetia after alliance with Prussia in Austro-Prussian War.
When was Rome captured and made the capital
Captured in 1870; became capital in 1871.
What event allowed Italy to capture Rome in 1870?
Withdrawal of French troops during the Franco-Prussian War
What term describes the gap between Italian government and ordinary people?
: “Legal Italy” vs “Real Italy” (Massimo d’Azeglio)
What is the “Southern Question”?
Long-term regional divide caused by economic and political neglect of southern Italy.
What was the key cause of southern resentment after 1861?
: Piedmontese political dominance and harsh repression (Brigandage War).
What were the key consequences of Piedmont’s policies post-1861?
Regional tensions, uprisings, deepening north-south divide, disillusionment with unity.
How far did Piedmont succeed between 1861–1870?
Achieved territorial unification (Venetia, Rome) but caused serious problems undermining real unity.
What did Garibaldi’s suppression show about post-1861 Italy?
Continued ideological divisions between republicans (Garibaldi, Mazzinians) and monarchists (Piedmontese state).
What was the significance of Piedmont’s role overall?
Necessary for territorial unity, but worsened political, economic, and social fragmentation.
