ITALY - Lambrusco Flashcards

1
Q

What is the method of production of Lambrusco?

A

Tank Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What sparkling styles are there for Lambrusco?

A

Frizzante and Spumante

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which grape and in which area is Lambrusco made?

A

Lambrusco grape family mainly in Emilia Romagna in Central Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main river through Emilia-Romagna?

A

River Po

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the color range of Lambrusco?

A

Pale pink to deep ruby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the aroma, structure, quality and price of Lambrusco wines?

A

Aromas: red cherry, red plum and strawberry
Quality: Acceptable to Very Good
Price: Inexpensive to Mid-Priced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Growing Environment:

In which region is Lambrusco made?

A

Growing Environment:

Emilia-Romagna (Central Italy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Growing Environment:

What is the climate and rainfall in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Growing Environment:

Warm Continental with adequate rains for vines of 735mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Growing Environment:

What type of soils are in the area?

A

Growing Environment:

Alluvial soils of clay and silt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Growing Environment:

What are the features of clay soils in terms of drainage and hazards?

A

Growing Environment:

High water retention but gets compacted easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Growing Environment:

How can the winemaker avoid compaction

A

Growing Environment:

Growing grass between rows of vines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Growing Environment:

Lambrusco is prone to high yields esp. when coupled with what soil factor?

A

Growing Environment:

High fertility soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Growing Environment:

Are grapes machine harvested?

A

Growing Environment:

Yes. They are high yield and machine harvested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Growing Environment:

——— between rows facilitates ease of movement for the ———— during harvest time?

A

Growing Environment:

GRASS between the rows facilitates movement of the TRACTORS during harvest time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Growing Environment:

What type of pruning is used and how is it suited to the vines and harvesting?

A

Growing Environment:
Sylvoz and Geneva Double Curtain
suited for high vigor vines and mechanisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Growing Environment:

What are the main hazards for Lambrusco vines and how are they being tackled by growers?

A

Growing Environment:
Issue 1: Fungal Disease from the humidity on river plain
Resolution: Spraying in some cases. In other cases sustainable viticulture (eg canopy management, weather watching etc)
Issue 2: Grapevine Yellows (Phytoplasma spread by insects) causing leaf yellowing
Resolution: Pull out affected vines and control the insect vectors

17
Q

Growing Environment:

Name the important varieties of Lambrusco grapes and some of their characteristics.

A

Growing Environment:
-Lambrusco Salamino
produces a intense coloured, very fragrant full bodied, high acidity wine
the grape is usually blended but also has its own DOC
-Lambrusco Grassaparossa
produces an intense coloured, medium + tannin, full body wine
grown on hillsides
Has its own DOC
-Lambrusco di Sorbara
produces pale, high acid, lighter bodied wines
Has its own DOC

18
Q

Growing Environment:

What is the name and the max yield for each of the Lambrusco DOCs named after grapes or after provinces?

A

Growing Environment:
Modena DOC - 161 hl/ha (high yeild/low conc)
Reggiano DOC - 126 hl/ha
Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce - 133hl/ha - uses 85% of var. min.
Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC- 126 hl/ha - uses 85% of var. min.
Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC - 126 hl/ha - uses 60% of var. min.

19
Q

Winemaking:

Lighter styles and more structured styles have different maceration periods. What re they?

A

Winemaking:
Lighter Styles have 1-2 days maceration (less tannin)
Structured Styles have 3-4 days maceration

20
Q

Winemaking:
The first fermentation occurs at what temperature?
Compare to that of 2nd fermentation?

A

Winemaking:
18-20 deg C for the first
12-15 deg C for the second

21
Q

Winemaking:

Is there lees ageing after the second fermentation and why?

A

Winemaking:

No. The style of the wine exhausts the expression of the primary fruit

22
Q

Winemaking:

Is dosage ever used?

A

Winemaking:

Not for zero dosage or brut but sweeter styles may be the juices natural sugar or Rectified Concentrated Grape Must

23
Q

Winemaking:

How long does fermentation take place for frizzante vs Spumante?

A

Winemaking:
Frizzante is 2 weeks
Spumante is 4 weeks

24
Q

Winemaking:

Tank method is usually used but what other sparkling wine production method is occasionally used?

A

Winemaking:

Ancestral Method

25
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

Spumante and Frizzante Lambrusco wines may be labelled with other terms apart from DOC. What other term?

A

Wine Laws and Business:

IGT Emilia

26
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

What % of Spumante is IGT Emilia?

A

Wine Laws and Business:

70-75% is IGT Emilia and the remainder is DOC

27
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

What is the minimum abv for Frizzante vs Spumante?

A

Wine Laws and Business:
Frizzante - 10.5% abv
Spumante - 11% abv

28
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

In what other way does Frizzante and Spumante differ in ‘range’ of styles?

A

Wine Laws and Business:
Sweeteness levels - Spumante has typical range according to EU standards for sparkling wine but frizzante has fewer categories Secco, Abboccato and Amabile (each covers a broad range of sweetness)

29
Q

Wine Laws and Business:
What is the average size of properties in the region?
Is this an increase or decrease since 2000?

A

Wine Laws and Business:
3 hectares

A doubling since 2000

30
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

Why did land holdings double from 2000-2008

A

Wine Laws and Business:

Some growers left the industry and sold their property

31
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

what do most growers do with their grapes?

A

Wine Laws and Business:

Take them to coops and larger companies to be sold

32
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

What % of Lambrusco is sold in Italy?

A

Wine Laws and Business:

33% sold in Italy and 67% exported

33
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

What concentration is in the best Lambrusco ?

A

Wine Laws and Business:

high concentration with well defined fruit

34
Q

Wine Laws and Business:
Which three large wine coops merged to create the largest wine company by turnover in Italy?
What wines does it sell and what are their principle markets?

A

Wine Laws and Business:
CIV, Gruppo Italiano Vino an Cantine Riunite

Sells Lambrusco and Prosecco among other wines. Top export markets are UK,USA, Mexico, Germany

35
Q

Wine Laws and Business:

What is the principle issue with promoting higher quality Lambrusco?

A

Wine Laws and Business:
Name synonymous with frothy, sweet wine and ‘Lambrusco’ is not a protected name like ‘Prosecco.
Anyone growing the Lambrusco grape can call their wine Lambrusco. There are lots of inexpensive poor quality wines using the same name