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History > Italy Topic 4 > Flashcards

Italy Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Italy International standing

A

Italy had little international Influence Britain and France were the key world powers

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2
Q

1935 foreign policy aims

A

Auurtarky
Militaristic nation
Establishing italy as a great power
Independent if the lira
Territorial expansion

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3
Q

When was corfu ?

A

August 1923

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4
Q

What happened at the incident of corfu?

A

Italian general Enrico fellini murdered while leading a commission
Mussolini blamed the Greeks and demanded a funeral service in the Catholicism Church if Athens and 50 million lira or the Italian army would invade corfu

31st August italy invaded but the league of nations with british backing demanded italy leave

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5
Q

Why did the Italians leave corfu

A

Knew they did not have a chance against the british on the 27th September italy left corfu with the 50 million lira

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6
Q

Was corfu a success or failure

A

Can be considered a success and failure as it forced the league of nations to accepting italys position as a great power alongside Britain and France
Shows mussolini was a dynamic ruler willing to take action

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7
Q

What happened in yugislavia

A

Because yugoslavia recognised fiume as being part of italy they were prepared to give fiume formally

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8
Q

Significance of yugoslavia

A

Commemorates the history of fiume [ dannuzio marched into fiume] the gaining this was domestic, earning mussolini popularity

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9
Q

What happened in 1925

A

Mussolini attend the locarno meetings

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10
Q

Significance of the meeting

A

The very fact mussolini was invited dicated to the Italian people that italy was accepted as a great power which contributed to his popularity.

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11
Q

Describe what happened jn the balkans during 1924-26

A

Ahmed zog took power in Albarn in 1924 mussolini persuaded yugoslavia into accepting Italian ibfluence in the balkans . Italy gave the financial support for zog signed a treaty in 1926 agreeing Albania would become a satellite state

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12
Q

Reactions with bristin frances and germany

A
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13
Q

what was italys relationship with britain like in the beginning

A

italy and britain had good realtions mussolini was on good terms with british politicions sush as winston chruchill and neville chamberlain.

Britain aided italys intrest in albaina and italy persuaded turky to give up the rich oil town of monsul to the british colony of iraq.

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14
Q

did britains and italys realtionship become strained ?

A

somewhat, italys territorial claims in the Mediterranean and the incident in corfu , their inability to stand up to british military power , italy also tried to undermine the british by supporting fascist groups in malta complicating their relationship italy also relied economically on britain in 1924 the revaluation of the lira relied in british funding

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15
Q

what was frances and italys relationship like?

A

france and italy had an overly negative relationship, france angered by the OVRA operating infiltrating anti-fascist organisations. mussolini viewed the french as rivials due to their imperialist claims in africa but were willing to work as they were a great power eg, locarno pact 1925

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16
Q

what was italys and germanys relationship like

A

during the weimar republic mussolino gave support to the nationalist groups who sough to undermine the republic , when hitler came to power mussolini was aprehensive beacue he was austrian and might seek to claim austra, [ anshluss] throughout the 1920s hitler and mussolni exchanged letters promisinf an alliance when they came to power.

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17
Q

what was the stressa front

A

in 1935 germany formally annouced they were rearming although secrely they have been for 2 years. this was a direct threat to the TOV , so italy britain anf france called for a meeting at stressa

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18
Q

what was discussed at stressa and what was the outcome

A
  • all three critisised german rearment which went against the traty of versailles
  • they agreed to co-operate to prevent countries from breaking previous peace treaties
    -reaffirmed their support for the locarno pact
    -agreed to support independ austria

the outcome was that the stressa front was vague and were not prepared to invade germany and there was division betwen the 3 powers with how to deal with germany.

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19
Q

when was the invasion of Abyssinia

A

october 1935

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20
Q

who led the invasion

A

marshal badoglio

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21
Q

how many troops

A

400,000

22
Q

described the events

A

marshal badoglio and 400,000 troops , they used mass arial bombing and the illegal use of chemicals by 5th may 1936 italian troops conqured the capital addis ababa

23
Q

how did the league of nations respond

A

did not intervene during the invasion but..

banned weapons sales , sanctions on rubber,metal ,oil however the suez cannal remained open

24
Q

what were the positive impact of the invasion

A

mussolini was portrayed as a strong dynamic leader standing up to the great powers and european authority.

establisment of a fascist empire

to go against the sanctions the royal family launched the campaign ‘ gold for the patria campaign’ where the queen gave up her wedding ring to be melted many followed suit, switching to steel rings symbolic of the ties to the fascist state

25
Q

what was the aim of the invasion

A

to support the foreign policy of autarky and territorial expansion

26
Q

what were the negative impact of the invasion?

A

abyssina had not been fully conquered only 2/3 yet to be occupied

only 130,000 italian settled

hope for raw materials and minerals never actualy materialised

lira devalued by 40%

aprox death of 500,000 abyssinians

2% exports were going to abyssinia

16 billion in debt

27
Q

when was the spanish civil war

A

1936-39

28
Q

why did Italy intervene during the spanish civil war

A

because the league of nations and Britain and france did not intervene or punish hitler and, this added to Mussolini’s perception that britain and france are weak

29
Q

why did italy intervene pt 2

A

although not seeking a break with france and britain Mussolini believed

30
Q

what happened in spain in 1936?

A

In July 1936, a civil war began in Spain when a group who called themselves the Nationalists, led by General Francisco Franco, used force to overturn the left-wing government of the Spanish republic.

31
Q

why did italy move toward germany?

A

worsening relationship with britain and france and the break down of the stressa front and territorial expansion

italian economy became more dependant on 1936

32
Q

when did mussolini leave the league of nations

A

1937

33
Q

when did anschluss happen

A

march 1938

34
Q

describe the events of anschluss

A

Hitler made his move and crossed the border of austria , unlike 1934 mussolini made no attempt to stop the nazis, this was very unpopuler in italy

35
Q

when did hitler visit italy and what did he propose

A

hitler visited italy in may 1938 and proposed a full scale military allaince this was rejected

36
Q

what pact was signed in 1936

A

rome berlin axis pact

37
Q

what did mussolini face in italy

A

domestic tensions

38
Q

why was there domsestic tensions?

A

economical outcome and unpopuler policies

39
Q

describe the unpopuler policies

A
40
Q

describe the economical domestic tensions

A

in 1935-39, military spending increased by 80% this was hard on middle class income and savings

the quest for autarky meant that consumer goods were more expensive

the battle for grain contributed to worsening italian diet among the italian pop

41
Q

what did italy become reliant on

A

germany support for tje economy

42
Q

unpopuler policies

A

unpop policy which transported italian workers to germany by 1945 half a million

were treated very poorly,

43
Q

what did the transfer policy go against

A

went against mussolinis belief that italian speaking peopl should stay initaly with respect and dignity

44
Q

why was the military ridiculed

A

beacuse they were immitating the german goose step.

45
Q

what pact was signed in may 22nd 1939

A

the pact of steel

46
Q

what was the pact of steel

A

a formal agreement signed between germany and italy which stated military and econmic support as well as full commitment from italy should germany go to war

47
Q

why did italy remain neutral in 1939-40

A

did not want to commit to a losing side of war & the armys condition was not read for another costly european war already suffering debt from previous- abyssinia 16 billion

48
Q

to avoid shame on sitting on the sidelines what did mussolini demand

A

demanded : 6 mill coal, 2 mill tonnes of steel, 150 anti-aitcraft batteries, 17,000 trains to transport

49
Q

what did hitler release mussolini from?

A

understanding that the demands for goods was equivilant to neutrality mussoliji was released from his boligations from thepact of steel in regards of phycological support.

50
Q

what was the nazi soviet pact

A

signed 23rd august 1939, was a
non-aggression pact between USSR and germany , included the secret division of eastern europe

51
Q

what did mussolini view the nazi soviet pact as

A

a betrayal , he did not know of the negotions

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