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FinalsReviewer > ITC > Flashcards

ITC Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Information Technology involves ________.

A

installing, organizing, and maintaining computer systems, designing, operating networks, and databases.

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2
Q

With a four-year CS degree, students can fond employment as_____,_____ ,or ______.

A

programmers, software engineers, or IT professionals.

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3
Q

With a four-year IT degree, graduates can find work in a number of occupations, including _____,_____,_____,_____, and _____.

A

information security, network architecture, database administration, systems administration, systems administration, and computer support.

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4
Q

What is computer?

A

Computer are everywhere.

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5
Q

A ___ is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.

A

Computer

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6
Q

Information Processing Cycle

A

Collects data (input), Processing, Produces Information (ouput)

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7
Q

A ____ can perform all of its inout, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.

A

Personal Computer

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8
Q

_____ you can carry from place to place

A

Personal Computer

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9
Q

_____ device small enough to hold in your hand

A

Computing device

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10
Q

A ______ is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games.

A

game console

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11
Q

A _____ controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network.

A

server

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12
Q

A _____ is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously.

A

mainframe

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13
Q

A _____ is the fastest, most powerful computer

A

supercomputer

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14
Q

Are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second.

A

supercomputers

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15
Q

A(n) _____ is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.

A

Embedded computer

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16
Q

The _____, beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia.

A

Abacus

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17
Q
  • Based on Napier’s rule for logarithms
  • Used until 1970s
A

Slide Rule

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18
Q

The _____ is a device fitted to a power loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelasse.

A

Jacquard Machine

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19
Q

The _____ was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer design.

A

Analytical Engine

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20
Q

_____ are glass tubes with circuits inside.

A

Vacuum Tubes

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21
Q

_____ is an electrical computer containing thousands of vacuum tubes that utilizes punch cards and switches for inputting data.

A

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)

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22
Q

Programmed UNIVAC recipient of computer science’s first “Man of the Year Award”

A

Grace Hopper

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23
Q

Second Generation (1956-1963) of computers used _____ instead of vacuum tubes.

A

Transistors

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24
Q

The third generation (1964-1971) of computers introduced the use of _____ in computers

A

Integrated Circuits

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25
The fourth generation (1972-2010) of computers took advantage of invention of the microprocessor, more commonly known as a _____.
CPU
26
The fifth generation (2010-present) of computers is beginning to use _____, an exciting technology that has many potential applications around the world.
AI (Artificial Intelligence)
27
Advantages of Using Computers:
Speed, Reliability, Consistency, Storage, Communications
28
Disadvantages of Using Computers:
Health Risks, Violation of Privacy, Public Safety, Impact on Labor Force, and Impact on Environment
29
_____ involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer.
Green Computing
30
Elements of a Computer System
Hardware Software Data People Procedures
31
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as _____.
hardware
32
It allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer.
Input Device
33
It is a hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.
Output Device
34
It is a case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data.
System Unit
35
It records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media.
Storage Device
36
It enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices.
Communications Device
37
_____ also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
Software
38
_____ is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware.
Installing
39
A programmer _____ or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information.
develops software
40
_____ is the raw material.
Data
41
_____ are the steps that you must follow to accomplish a specific computer-related task.
Procedures
42
_____ is any set of characters that is gathered and translated for some purpose.
Data.
43
_____ is a term used to describe text that is informative to the individual reading it or the computer processing it.
Information
44
-Personal financial management -Web access -Communications -Entertainment
Home User
45
-Look up Information -Send and receive e-mail messages -Make Telephone Calls
Small Office/ Office User
46
- Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet. - Transfer Information - Play with Video Games - Listen to Music - Watch movies
Mobile User
47
- Work with multimedia - Use industry-specific software
Power User
48
Is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data.
System Unit (NOT CPU)
49
The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes:
- Drive bay(s) - Power Supply - Sound card - Video card - Processor - Memory
50
The _____ is the main circuit board of the system unit.
Motherboard
51
A _____ contains integrated circuits
Computer chip
52
The _____, also called the CPU, interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer.
Processor
53
The _____ is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.
Control Unit
54
The _____ performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
55
_____ controls the timing of all computer operations.
System Clock
56
_____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processing data.
Memory
57
Loses its contents when power is turned off.
Volatile memory
58
Does not lose contents when power is removed.
Nonvolatile memory
59
_____ is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit.
Dynamic RAM
60
_____ has three different states.
Static RAM
61
Data in _____ is not stored as electric charge or current flows, but by magnetic storage elements.
Magnetoresistive RAM
62
_____ speeds the process of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory Cache
63
_____ refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions
Read-only memory (ROM)
64
_____ can be erased electronically and rewritten
Flash memory
65
_____ technology provides high speeds and consumes little power
CMOS
66
_____ is an optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are video and data storage.
DVD (Digital Versatile Disc)
67
_____ is an optical disc storage medium to supersede the standard DVD format.
Blu-ray Disc
68
A _____ consists of a NAND-type flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface.
USB flash drive
69
A _____ or_____ is a solid-state electronic flash memory data storage device capable of storing digital contents.
memory card or flash memory card
70
The _____ is used to type data into the computer.
keyboard
71
_____ move some object on the screen and can do some action.
Pointing device
72
The _____ allows you to scan documents, pictures or graphics and view them on the computer.
scanner
73
____ are used to take electronic pictures of an object
Digital cameras
74
_____ are used to put sound into a computer.
Microphones
75
_____ shows the processed information on screen.
Monitors
76
_____ produces a hard copy of the information.
Printers
77
_____ are used to output sound
Speakers
78
The _____ is a positional numeral system; it has positions for units, tens, hundreds, etc.
decimal system
79
The _____ works in exactly the same way, except that its place value is based on the number two.
binary system
80
Binary number system has a base, or radix of _____.
2
81
The octal number system has a base, or radix, of _____.
8
82
The hexadecimal number system has a base, or radix of _____.
16
83
Symbols A to F correspond to decimal numbers _____ to _____.
10 to 15
84
_____ consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
System Software
85
A(n) _____ is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources
Operating system
86
The process of starting or restarting a computer is called _____
booting
87
A(n) _____ is the drive from which your computer starts
boot drive
88
A(n) _____ contains a few system files that will start the computer
boot drive
89
An operating system includes various _____ options
shut down
90
_____ saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state
Sleep mode
91
_____ saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before removing power from the computer
Hibernate
92
A(n) _____ controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images
user interface
93
With a _____, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions.
command-line interface
94
_____ is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM.
Virtual memory
95
A(n) ____ is a small pam that tells the operating system how torogr communicate with a specific device.
driver
96
_____ and _____ automatically configures new devices as you install them.
plug and pay

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