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ITCS > ITCS - COL 1 > Flashcards

ITCS - COL 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Z3?

A

First electro-mechanical digital computer

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2
Q

What is ARPANet?

A

net intended for fast exchange of information

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3
Q

Who introduced the basics of algebra?

A

Al-Kwharizmi

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4
Q

How was the Y2K problem resolved?

A

By changing the record of years from 2 digits to 4

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5
Q

Who was Ada Lovelace?

A

The first programmer, who calculated the Bernoulli numbers and translated Menabra’s records

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6
Q

Who was the first computer to use transistors?

A

NCR 304

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7
Q

What makes Donald Knuth important?

A

first defined the basic algorithms and programming techniques, laid the foundations for data structures and software enginnering

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8
Q

What did the sings on turtles in China represent?

A

Quantities

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9
Q

What is meant by 5th generation computers

A

Computers based on Artificial Intelligence

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10
Q

How many copies of the Pascaline were made?

A

50

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11
Q

What is the von Neumann architecture?

A

A way of building computers

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12
Q

When did the promotion of PC’s as tools for office work start?

A

1979

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13
Q

The numerator in Egyptian fractions is:

A

1

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14
Q

What is a millennium bug?

A

Inadequate record of the years with 2 digits

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15
Q

What did Joseph Marie Jacquard invent?

A

A loom that used punch cards

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16
Q

What and with which machine did Turing solve?

A

Using Collosus he solved encrypted german messages

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17
Q

Who were the most famous microprocessor companies in 20th century?

A

Intel and Motorola

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18
Q

What were the first aids for addition and subtraction?

A

Fingers, pebbles, small objects, etc

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19
Q

What are P2P (peer to peer) networks?

A

Storage and content sharing networks

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20
Q

When were the Babbage machines conceived?

A

At the beginning of the 19th century

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21
Q

What is an algorithm?

A

Final sequence of steps leading to a solution

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22
Q

What was the most popular Web browser in 2012?

A

Google Chrome

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23
Q

The first mechanical calculators were made in:

A

The 17th century

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24
Q

What were the most significant benefits of the first Macintosh?

A

G-mouse and an operating system with icons

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25
Q

Why weren’t the Babbage machines designed?

A

There were no technical conditions

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26
Q

What is COBOL?

A

The first programming language for business purposes

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27
Q

Who made the first Winchester Hard-Drive?

A

Alan Sugart

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28
Q

Can subtraction be realized by addition?

A

Yes, by using decimal complement

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29
Q

Who is the father of computing?

A

Charles Babbage

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30
Q

What is the Madrid Code?

A

Leonardo DaVinci’s drawings

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31
Q

What can be realized with the help of an abacus?

A

All four arithmetic operations can be realized

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32
Q

What are the two key features of Web 2.0?

A

Social Networks and content sharing

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33
Q

Who made the first Staffelwalze automatic calculator?

A

Leibnitz

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34
Q

What was the first commercial computer?

A

UNIVAC

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35
Q

When did the first laptops appear?

A

Between 1875 and 1984

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36
Q

What did John Napier invent?

A

Napier bones, and logarithmic tables

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37
Q

When was the first IPad sold?

A

May 3rd, 2010

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38
Q

What effect did Shikard’s calculator have on the development of the calculators?

A

No effect

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39
Q

What is the first programming language?

A

Plankalcul

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40
Q

What is an IBM compatible computer?

A

A PC that fits the standard for the production of PC’s

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41
Q

Which varieties of the abacus are the most famous?

A

Roman and Chinese

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42
Q

When did Google Chrome appear?

A

in 2008

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43
Q

What were the input units of the analytical machine?

A

Two rows of cards for data and operations

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44
Q

What is the first general-purpose, automatic, electro-mechanical calculator?

A

Mark I (IBM ASCC)

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45
Q

What are the most famous European PC’s from the 80’s?

A

Spectrum, Commodore and Atari

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46
Q

What were the calculators from the pre-information period?

A

Manual and mechanical

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47
Q

When was IBM founded?

A

1924

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48
Q

What is CUDA?

A

Parallel computer platform for graphic processing

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49
Q

What century was algebra introduced?

A

In the 9th century

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50
Q

Who created the tabulating machine and founded IBM?

A

Herman Hollerith

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51
Q

What was the ABC?

A

A calculator with an electronic arithmetic unit

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52
Q

What was the first invention of Jobs and Wozniak?

A

Apple I

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53
Q

Which invention was used by 3rd generation computers?

A

Integrated circuit

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54
Q

What is CP / M?

A

Operating System

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55
Q

Negative numbers in the Pascaline were represented by:

A

Their decimal complement

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56
Q

What was done using the Cholerit machine and when?

A

The processing of the US census in 1890

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57
Q

Whose operating system is Android?

A

Google’s

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58
Q

What is a compiler?

A

Translator of the source code into machine language

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59
Q

What is a HyperCard?

A

Used for displaying content on the internet

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60
Q

What influence did Konrad Zuse have on future inventions?

A

None

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61
Q

How big was the first floppy disk?

A

8 inches or 20.32 centimeters

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62
Q

What was the analytical machine supposed to consist of?

A

The same components as as modern computers

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63
Q

What was the first computer game?

A

Spacewar

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64
Q

The decimal point was introduced by:

A

Dutch Sailors

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65
Q

What did Denis Ritchie create, and with what?

A

The UNIX OS using the C programming language

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66
Q

Who founded the GNU project?

A

Richard Stallman

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67
Q

What is a Novel?

A

Network operating sytem

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68
Q

Who was the first to introduce hyperlinks?

A

The Xanadu project

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69
Q

Pictograms are:

A

Thumbnails that represent physical objects

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70
Q

The first commercial mechanical calculator was called:

A

The Arithmometer

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71
Q

Who was the father of electronic computers?

A

John Atanasoff

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72
Q

What are the first two inventions of Bill Gates?

A

MITS Altair 8800 and Basic programming language

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73
Q

Who are the creators of the integrated circuit?

A

Jack Killby and Robert Noyes

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74
Q

When and in which company was the first chip for mass use produced?

A

In 1971, at Intel

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75
Q

The rightmost beads of the Roman abacus were used for:

A

Financial calculations

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76
Q

What are the features of the new memory devices?

A

Huge accommodation capacity, peripheral memories, new types of disk and USB flash drives

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77
Q

VSLI technology is based on?

A

CMOS technology of metal-oxide semiconductors

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78
Q

The Minitel project:

A

Provided ten of thousands of services, has been by tens of millions of users, is a former project of François Telecom

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79
Q

Future generations of computing:

A

Are developed to replace microprocessors

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80
Q

What is acoustic memory?

A

Sound wave based memory in a poultry steam column

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81
Q

What did Konrad Zuse do?

A

Created a electro-mechanical computer, a computer that uses a programming language, relay computer with binary arithmetic

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82
Q

The Internet:

A

Started with ARPANet, was intended for packet switching, enabled email

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83
Q

What is the oldest computer in Macedonia?

A

IBM 1130

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84
Q

What is Ethernet?

A

Standard for short distance computer network connection

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85
Q

What is the first video game system?

A

The Nintendo Entertainment System

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86
Q

What are the two types of memory cells on a differential machine?

A

Registers for final differences and accumulators for intermediate results

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87
Q

Frank Baldwin invented:

A

Wind speed measuring device, Monroe calculator with keyboard, one of the two calculators that were the basis of all mechanical computers

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88
Q

What did the 2nd generation of computers use?

A

Transistors

89
Q

The binary system was introduced by:

A

Leibniz

90
Q

When and where did the abacus first appear?

A

In China, in the XXVI century BC

91
Q

What did Grace Marie Hopper invent?

A

The first compiler and COBOL

92
Q

What was the first microcomputer?

A

MCS-4

93
Q

What are the two versions of the Roman abacus?

A

Tables called calculi and the manual abacus

94
Q

What was the ENIAC?

A

A programmable calculator

95
Q

When was the first hypermedia system created?

A

In the 80’s

96
Q

When were the Babbage machines conceived?

A

At the beginning of the 19th century

97
Q

Nikola Tesla:

A

Detected alternating current, worked on wireless power transmission, discovered ways of transmitting alternating current

98
Q

What was the first language of artificial intelligence?

A

LISP

99
Q

What was the differential machine supposed to do?

A

Solve mathematical functions with finite differences

100
Q

“The number of transistors on a chip doubles every year.” i a law defined by:

A

Gordon Moore

101
Q

What is meant by GPU?

A

Graphics Processing Unit

102
Q

What is the Pascaline?

A

Mechanical calculator with automatic position transfer

103
Q

What was Deep Blue?

A

The first computer to beat a world champion in chess

104
Q

What are LED screens made of?

A

Liquid crystals, they use light emitting diodes in the background, diodes of different colors that determine their type

105
Q

What type of mice are used?

A

Mechanical, optical and laser

106
Q

Digital compression is most often done with:

A

Lossy compression

107
Q

Ram is:

A

Fickle, stores data only when live

108
Q

What is the smallest named whole?

A

The file

109
Q

What is a pixel?

A

Each point of a computer image that can be viewed and controlled on the screen

110
Q

What do input devices do?

A

Translate messages into electrical signals

111
Q

MP3 audio compression:

A

Takes up 10x less memory

112
Q

What is an I / O controller?

A

Special purpose processor

113
Q

The number of transistors cannot grow indefinitely due to:

A

The constant temperature produced by each transistor regardless of its size

114
Q

How many different patterns can be made with 5 bits?

A

32

115
Q

When are matrix printers used?

A

To get copies of the original documet

116
Q

How many images does the optical mouse camera take?

A

1500 images per second

117
Q

The password of the complex instruction set is:

A

More instructions, more complex

118
Q

The advantage of binary language:

A

Is based on two mutually exceptional states of presence and absence of electricity

119
Q

What is a bit?

A

A bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store

120
Q

With what is the back of the screen coated with on a cathode ray tube?

A

With a thin layer of phosphorus

121
Q

Which group of devices does the mouse belong to?

A

Pointing input devices

122
Q

What is an oscilloscope?

A

Instrument for examining the rapid changes that occur with the oscillation caused by an electrical signal

123
Q

What is MDR?

A

Data register in memory

124
Q

The human brain has:

A

10x more neurons than the maximum number of transistors on a chip

125
Q

The symbol for the AND logic for is:

A

Like a wall plug

126
Q

Instruction Register:

A

Stores the instruction taken from memory

127
Q

DNA binary code can be stored:

A

Content measured in 5.5 petabytes

128
Q

Big Endian?

A

Left to right

129
Q

How many different shades does SVGA adapter differ from?

A

Over 260,000 shades

130
Q

How many electrical circuits are there on a keyboard?

A

As much as there are keys

131
Q

What is a signal?

A

A wave that changes over time and caries information

132
Q

The instructions in machine code consist of:

A

Operation code and address fields

133
Q

Graphene nanoparticles:

A

10 nanometers, have semiconductor properties, can work in parallel

134
Q

The octal number system consists of an alphabet with:

A

8 symbols

135
Q

How do matrix printers form characters?

A

With the help of pins that hit the tape

136
Q

What is the operation of mechanical mice based on?

A

On two cylinders that have metal contact points

137
Q

What is MAR?

A

Register of memory addresses

138
Q

If one image occupies an average of 0.5MB, how many images can be stored in one CD?

A

1300-1400 images

139
Q

From which colors is a color formed on the screen?

A

Red, green and blue

140
Q

Does the computer communicate with the BIOS?

A

Yes, because it generates scan code that goes into BIOS

141
Q

Store (address, value):

A

Overwrites the existing value in the memory cell

142
Q

The smalles transistors are made of:

A

Only one atom???

143
Q

What is the capacity of a floppy disk?

A

1.44MB

144
Q

Wave interference is:

A

Collecting waves

145
Q

Qubits are:

A

Two-dimensional binary elements

146
Q

What is memory width?

A

Number of bits housed in a single cell

147
Q

Optical computers of the future:

A

Use the phenomena of light

148
Q

Can a picture be drawn with stencil printers?

A

Yes, but only with the help of signs

149
Q

What is a tracker ball?

A

The ball is placed on a special base in which there are motion-sensitive sensors, found on the a mouse

150
Q

What is UPSIDE?

A

Development technology for creating probabilistic computing chips

151
Q

What is a byte?

A

A group of 8 bits, enough to represent one character

152
Q

The louder the sound:

A

The higher the frequency

153
Q

What are registers?

A

A type of memory

154
Q

Nanotechnology creates:

A

Microscopic devices at the atomic level, Devices whose dimensions are measured in nanometers, new molecules of compounds

155
Q

One KiB (kibibyte) is equal to:

A

1024 bytes

156
Q

What is screen resolution?

A

The number of pixels in one horizontal and one vertical line on the screen

157
Q

To which group of keys is the keyboard divided?

A

Alphanumerical, numerical, functional and navigational

158
Q

If the width of the address is N bits, what is the address space?

A

^N

159
Q

Analog signals are represented by:

A

continuous functions

160
Q

How are arithmetic-logical operations performed on digital computers?

A

Using binary numbers

161
Q

What is the width of the address?

A

Number of bits used to represent a memory address

162
Q

What do output devices do?

A

Translate electrical impulses into image or sound

163
Q

What does the scanner do?

A

Copies images and converts the into digital format

164
Q

Is the analog signal more noise resistant than the digital signal?

A

No

165
Q

The execution program is stored in:

A

The main memory

166
Q

DNA computers are made of:

A

Acid polymers

167
Q

A group of 2,3 or 4 bytes is called a:

A

Word

168
Q

Does the mouse communicate with the BIOS?

A

No, but directly with the software

169
Q

Frequency is:

A

Change in unit time

170
Q

How many different aproaches are there to instruction set design?

A

RISC and CISC

171
Q

Katomes are?

A

Dynamic 3D shapes and objects that cooperate and interact with each other

172
Q

Which device translates what is written from image to text?

A

Optical character reader

173
Q

Processes in digital computers are realized:

A

In a discrete form

174
Q

What is a byte?

A

The smallest addressable whole

175
Q

Where is the CCR?

A

Arithmetic logical unit

176
Q

How often is the screen refreshed?

A

60 times per second

177
Q

The number of transistors on a chip is limited to?

A

19 trillion

178
Q

Memory operations are:

A

Fetch and Store

179
Q

Modern processors have more than:

A

One billion transistors

180
Q

The potential address space of 64 bit machines is:

A

~1.8 x 10^19 bytes

181
Q

What happens to the images in the digital camera after it is turned off?

A

They are temporarily stored in the long-term memory

182
Q

Program instructions are executed:

A

Sequentially

183
Q

The record density of one cubic millimeter with DNA binary code is:

A

1 TB

184
Q

What is the capacity of a DVD?

A

4.7GB for single sided and 18GB for double sided recording

185
Q

What is the main memory access time?

A

50-75 nanoseconds

186
Q

Probabilistic Informatics is developed using?

A

Analog processors

187
Q

What is the size of a memory cell?

A

1 byte

188
Q

What is the operation of optical mice based on?

A

Small camera and CMOS

189
Q

What do modern plotters use?

A

Green agron ion lasers, helium-neon lasers, light emitting diodes

190
Q

Instructions in machine code language consist of:

A

Opeartion code and address fields

191
Q

Output devices display the data:

A

Both in analog and digital format

192
Q

Typical width of an address is?

A

32 bits

193
Q

What is true about output devices?

A

Display data in a format that people understand, translate electrical impulses into digital data, transmit electrical impulses to visual, tactile or audio devices.

194
Q

What is GPS?

A

Global Positioning System - determines position via satellite

195
Q

The digital signals on the monitor are represented in:

A

Digital format

196
Q

Why is a keyboard considered a small computer?

A

Because it has a microprocessor and memory

197
Q

Can the font be changed to OCR converted text?

A

Yes, because it translates it into a text document

198
Q

Playing sticks are used as:

A

A part of assistive technologies, for industrial purposes, for playing

199
Q

The Mac OS X Commercial File system is:

A

HFS

200
Q

Which peripheral device contains an analog-to-digital converter?

A

The scanner

201
Q

What does the modem do?

A

Translate digital signals into telephone and vice versa

202
Q

How is the volume of a speaker regulated?

A

Through a program or a potentiometer

203
Q

Tablets and touch screens use:

A

Touch pointers

204
Q

Qubits are capable of:

A

Being superimposed, intertwining, changing their quantum state

205
Q

Addressing with an active matrix means that:

A

The state of a pixel in relation to the other pixels is active

206
Q

When you press key on the keyboard:

A

Only one scan code is generated

207
Q

What paper do thermal printers use?

A

Paper wax coating

208
Q

Do OLED monitors require backlighting?

A

No

209
Q

What are the most important input devices?

A

Mouse and keyboard

210
Q

What is the depth of color?

A

Number of bits representing pixels

211
Q

The computer system is composed of:

A

The computer and its peripherals

212
Q

Liquid crystal cells under the action of voltage form:

A

Spirals

213
Q

The Digital Image Processor is an integral part of?

A

Optical mice

214
Q

Display devices enable?

A

The input of spatial data

215
Q

The model for designing and building a computer is based on:

A

Three features

216
Q

The scan result is in:

A

Both graphic and text format

217
Q

When did Java, eBay, USB and the Sony Playstation appear?

A

in 1995

218
Q

What are the main computer sub-systems?

A

Memory, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Input/Output

ITCS (1 decks)

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