ITCS - COL 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Z3?
A
First electro-mechanical digital computer
2
Q
What is ARPANet?
A
net intended for fast exchange of information
3
Q
Who introduced the basics of algebra?
A
Al-Kwharizmi
4
Q
How was the Y2K problem resolved?
A
By changing the record of years from 2 digits to 4
5
Q
Who was Ada Lovelace?
A
The first programmer, who calculated the Bernoulli numbers and translated Menabra’s records
6
Q
Who was the first computer to use transistors?
A
NCR 304
7
Q
What makes Donald Knuth important?
A
first defined the basic algorithms and programming techniques, laid the foundations for data structures and software enginnering
8
Q
What did the sings on turtles in China represent?
A
Quantities
9
Q
What is meant by 5th generation computers
A
Computers based on Artificial Intelligence
10
Q
How many copies of the Pascaline were made?
A
50
11
Q
What is the von Neumann architecture?
A
A way of building computers
12
Q
When did the promotion of PC’s as tools for office work start?
A
1979
13
Q
The numerator in Egyptian fractions is:
A
1
14
Q
What is a millennium bug?
A
Inadequate record of the years with 2 digits
15
Q
What did Joseph Marie Jacquard invent?
A
A loom that used punch cards
16
Q
What and with which machine did Turing solve?
A
Using Collosus he solved encrypted german messages
17
Q
Who were the most famous microprocessor companies in 20th century?
A
Intel and Motorola
18
Q
What were the first aids for addition and subtraction?
A
Fingers, pebbles, small objects, etc
19
Q
What are P2P (peer to peer) networks?
A
Storage and content sharing networks
20
Q
When were the Babbage machines conceived?
A
At the beginning of the 19th century
21
Q
What is an algorithm?
A
Final sequence of steps leading to a solution
22
Q
What was the most popular Web browser in 2012?
A
Google Chrome
23
Q
The first mechanical calculators were made in:
A
The 17th century
24
Q
What were the most significant benefits of the first Macintosh?
A
G-mouse and an operating system with icons
25
Why weren't the Babbage machines designed?
There were no technical conditions
26
What is COBOL?
The first programming language for business purposes
27
Who made the first Winchester Hard-Drive?
Alan Sugart
28
Can subtraction be realized by addition?
Yes, by using decimal complement
29
Who is the father of computing?
Charles Babbage
30
What is the Madrid Code?
Leonardo DaVinci's drawings
31
What can be realized with the help of an abacus?
All four arithmetic operations can be realized
32
What are the two key features of Web 2.0?
Social Networks and content sharing
33
Who made the first Staffelwalze automatic calculator?
Leibnitz
34
What was the first commercial computer?
UNIVAC
35
When did the first laptops appear?
Between 1875 and 1984
36
What did John Napier invent?
Napier bones, and logarithmic tables
37
When was the first IPad sold?
May 3rd, 2010
38
What effect did Shikard's calculator have on the development of the calculators?
No effect
39
What is the first programming language?
Plankalcul
40
What is an IBM compatible computer?
A PC that fits the standard for the production of PC's
41
Which varieties of the abacus are the most famous?
Roman and Chinese
42
When did Google Chrome appear?
in 2008
43
What were the input units of the analytical machine?
Two rows of cards for data and operations
44
What is the first general-purpose, automatic, electro-mechanical calculator?
Mark I (IBM ASCC)
45
What are the most famous European PC's from the 80's?
Spectrum, Commodore and Atari
46
What were the calculators from the pre-information period?
Manual and mechanical
47
When was IBM founded?
1924
48
What is CUDA?
Parallel computer platform for graphic processing
49
What century was algebra introduced?
In the 9th century
50
Who created the tabulating machine and founded IBM?
Herman Hollerith
51
What was the ABC?
A calculator with an electronic arithmetic unit
52
What was the first invention of Jobs and Wozniak?
Apple I
53
Which invention was used by 3rd generation computers?
Integrated circuit
54
What is CP / M?
Operating System
55
Negative numbers in the Pascaline were represented by:
Their decimal complement
56
What was done using the Cholerit machine and when?
The processing of the US census in 1890
57
Whose operating system is Android?
Google's
58
What is a compiler?
Translator of the source code into machine language
59
What is a HyperCard?
Used for displaying content on the internet
60
What influence did Konrad Zuse have on future inventions?
None
61
How big was the first floppy disk?
8 inches or 20.32 centimeters
62
What was the analytical machine supposed to consist of?
The same components as as modern computers
63
What was the first computer game?
Spacewar
64
The decimal point was introduced by:
Dutch Sailors
65
What did Denis Ritchie create, and with what?
The UNIX OS using the C programming language
66
Who founded the GNU project?
Richard Stallman
67
What is a Novel?
Network operating sytem
68
Who was the first to introduce hyperlinks?
The Xanadu project
69
Pictograms are:
Thumbnails that represent physical objects
70
The first commercial mechanical calculator was called:
The Arithmometer
71
Who was the father of electronic computers?
John Atanasoff
72
What are the first two inventions of Bill Gates?
MITS Altair 8800 and Basic programming language
73
Who are the creators of the integrated circuit?
Jack Killby and Robert Noyes
74
When and in which company was the first chip for mass use produced?
In 1971, at Intel
75
The rightmost beads of the Roman abacus were used for:
Financial calculations
76
What are the features of the new memory devices?
Huge accommodation capacity, peripheral memories, new types of disk and USB flash drives
77
VSLI technology is based on?
CMOS technology of metal-oxide semiconductors
78
The Minitel project:
Provided ten of thousands of services, has been by tens of millions of users, is a former project of François Telecom
79
Future generations of computing:
Are developed to replace microprocessors
80
What is acoustic memory?
Sound wave based memory in a poultry steam column
81
What did Konrad Zuse do?
Created a electro-mechanical computer, a computer that uses a programming language, relay computer with binary arithmetic
82
The Internet:
Started with ARPANet, was intended for packet switching, enabled email
83
What is the oldest computer in Macedonia?
IBM 1130
84
What is Ethernet?
Standard for short distance computer network connection
85
What is the first video game system?
The Nintendo Entertainment System
86
What are the two types of memory cells on a differential machine?
Registers for final differences and accumulators for intermediate results
87
Frank Baldwin invented:
Wind speed measuring device, Monroe calculator with keyboard, one of the two calculators that were the basis of all mechanical computers
88
What did the 2nd generation of computers use?
Transistors
89
The binary system was introduced by:
Leibniz
90
When and where did the abacus first appear?
In China, in the XXVI century BC
91
What did Grace Marie Hopper invent?
The first compiler and COBOL
92
What was the first microcomputer?
MCS-4
93
What are the two versions of the Roman abacus?
Tables called calculi and the manual abacus
94
What was the ENIAC?
A programmable calculator
95
When was the first hypermedia system created?
In the 80's
96
When were the Babbage machines conceived?
At the beginning of the 19th century
97
Nikola Tesla:
Detected alternating current, worked on wireless power transmission, discovered ways of transmitting alternating current
98
What was the first language of artificial intelligence?
LISP
99
What was the differential machine supposed to do?
Solve mathematical functions with finite differences
100
"The number of transistors on a chip doubles every year." i a law defined by:
Gordon Moore
101
What is meant by GPU?
Graphics Processing Unit
102
What is the Pascaline?
Mechanical calculator with automatic position transfer
103
What was Deep Blue?
The first computer to beat a world champion in chess
104
What are LED screens made of?
Liquid crystals, they use light emitting diodes in the background, diodes of different colors that determine their type
105
What type of mice are used?
Mechanical, optical and laser
106
Digital compression is most often done with:
Lossy compression
107
Ram is:
Fickle, stores data only when live
108
What is the smallest named whole?
The file
109
What is a pixel?
Each point of a computer image that can be viewed and controlled on the screen
110
What do input devices do?
Translate messages into electrical signals
111
MP3 audio compression:
Takes up 10x less memory
112
What is an I / O controller?
Special purpose processor
113
The number of transistors cannot grow indefinitely due to:
The constant temperature produced by each transistor regardless of its size
114
How many different patterns can be made with 5 bits?
32
115
When are matrix printers used?
To get copies of the original documet
116
How many images does the optical mouse camera take?
1500 images per second
117
The password of the complex instruction set is:
More instructions, more complex
118
The advantage of binary language:
Is based on two mutually exceptional states of presence and absence of electricity
119
What is a bit?
A bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer can process and store
120
With what is the back of the screen coated with on a cathode ray tube?
With a thin layer of phosphorus
121
Which group of devices does the mouse belong to?
Pointing input devices
122
What is an oscilloscope?
Instrument for examining the rapid changes that occur with the oscillation caused by an electrical signal
123
What is MDR?
Data register in memory
124
The human brain has:
10x more neurons than the maximum number of transistors on a chip
125
The symbol for the AND logic for is:
Like a wall plug
126
Instruction Register:
Stores the instruction taken from memory
127
DNA binary code can be stored:
Content measured in 5.5 petabytes
128
Big Endian?
Left to right
129
How many different shades does SVGA adapter differ from?
Over 260,000 shades
130
How many electrical circuits are there on a keyboard?
As much as there are keys
131
What is a signal?
A wave that changes over time and caries information
132
The instructions in machine code consist of:
Operation code and address fields
133
Graphene nanoparticles:
10 nanometers, have semiconductor properties, can work in parallel
134
The octal number system consists of an alphabet with:
8 symbols
135
How do matrix printers form characters?
With the help of pins that hit the tape
136
What is the operation of mechanical mice based on?
On two cylinders that have metal contact points
137
What is MAR?
Register of memory addresses
138
If one image occupies an average of 0.5MB, how many images can be stored in one CD?
1300-1400 images
139
From which colors is a color formed on the screen?
Red, green and blue
140
Does the computer communicate with the BIOS?
Yes, because it generates scan code that goes into BIOS
141
Store (address, value):
Overwrites the existing value in the memory cell
142
The smalles transistors are made of:
Only one atom???
143
What is the capacity of a floppy disk?
1.44MB
144
Wave interference is:
Collecting waves
145
Qubits are:
Two-dimensional binary elements
146
What is memory width?
Number of bits housed in a single cell
147
Optical computers of the future:
Use the phenomena of light
148
Can a picture be drawn with stencil printers?
Yes, but only with the help of signs
149
What is a tracker ball?
The ball is placed on a special base in which there are motion-sensitive sensors, found on the a mouse
150
What is UPSIDE?
Development technology for creating probabilistic computing chips
151
What is a byte?
A group of 8 bits, enough to represent one character
152
The louder the sound:
The higher the frequency
153
What are registers?
A type of memory
154
Nanotechnology creates:
Microscopic devices at the atomic level, Devices whose dimensions are measured in nanometers, new molecules of compounds
155
One KiB (kibibyte) is equal to:
1024 bytes
156
What is screen resolution?
The number of pixels in one horizontal and one vertical line on the screen
157
To which group of keys is the keyboard divided?
Alphanumerical, numerical, functional and navigational
158
If the width of the address is N bits, what is the address space?
^N
159
Analog signals are represented by:
continuous functions
160
How are arithmetic-logical operations performed on digital computers?
Using binary numbers
161
What is the width of the address?
Number of bits used to represent a memory address
162
What do output devices do?
Translate electrical impulses into image or sound
163
What does the scanner do?
Copies images and converts the into digital format
164
Is the analog signal more noise resistant than the digital signal?
No
165
The execution program is stored in:
The main memory
166
DNA computers are made of:
Acid polymers
167
A group of 2,3 or 4 bytes is called a:
Word
168
Does the mouse communicate with the BIOS?
No, but directly with the software
169
Frequency is:
Change in unit time
170
How many different aproaches are there to instruction set design?
RISC and CISC
171
Katomes are?
Dynamic 3D shapes and objects that cooperate and interact with each other
172
Which device translates what is written from image to text?
Optical character reader
173
Processes in digital computers are realized:
In a discrete form
174
What is a byte?
The smallest addressable whole
175
Where is the CCR?
Arithmetic logical unit
176
How often is the screen refreshed?
60 times per second
177
The number of transistors on a chip is limited to?
19 trillion
178
Memory operations are:
Fetch and Store
179
Modern processors have more than:
One billion transistors
180
The potential address space of 64 bit machines is:
~1.8 x 10^19 bytes
181
What happens to the images in the digital camera after it is turned off?
They are temporarily stored in the long-term memory
182
Program instructions are executed:
Sequentially
183
The record density of one cubic millimeter with DNA binary code is:
1 TB
184
What is the capacity of a DVD?
4.7GB for single sided and 18GB for double sided recording
185
What is the main memory access time?
50-75 nanoseconds
186
Probabilistic Informatics is developed using?
Analog processors
187
What is the size of a memory cell?
1 byte
188
What is the operation of optical mice based on?
Small camera and CMOS
189
What do modern plotters use?
Green agron ion lasers, helium-neon lasers, light emitting diodes
190
Instructions in machine code language consist of:
Opeartion code and address fields
191
Output devices display the data:
Both in analog and digital format
192
Typical width of an address is?
32 bits
193
What is true about output devices?
Display data in a format that people understand, translate electrical impulses into digital data, transmit electrical impulses to visual, tactile or audio devices.
194
What is GPS?
Global Positioning System - determines position via satellite
195
The digital signals on the monitor are represented in:
Digital format
196
Why is a keyboard considered a small computer?
Because it has a microprocessor and memory
197
Can the font be changed to OCR converted text?
Yes, because it translates it into a text document
198
Playing sticks are used as:
A part of assistive technologies, for industrial purposes, for playing
199
The Mac OS X Commercial File system is:
HFS
200
Which peripheral device contains an analog-to-digital converter?
The scanner
201
What does the modem do?
Translate digital signals into telephone and vice versa
202
How is the volume of a speaker regulated?
Through a program or a potentiometer
203
Tablets and touch screens use:
Touch pointers
204
Qubits are capable of:
Being superimposed, intertwining, changing their quantum state
205
Addressing with an active matrix means that:
The state of a pixel in relation to the other pixels is active
206
When you press key on the keyboard:
Only one scan code is generated
207
What paper do thermal printers use?
Paper wax coating
208
Do OLED monitors require backlighting?
No
209
What are the most important input devices?
Mouse and keyboard
210
What is the depth of color?
Number of bits representing pixels
211
The computer system is composed of:
The computer and its peripherals
212
Liquid crystal cells under the action of voltage form:
Spirals
213
The Digital Image Processor is an integral part of?
Optical mice
214
Display devices enable?
The input of spatial data
215
The model for designing and building a computer is based on:
Three features
216
The scan result is in:
Both graphic and text format
217
When did Java, eBay, USB and the Sony Playstation appear?
in 1995
218
What are the main computer sub-systems?
Memory, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit, and Input/Output
