Its all about gene expression Flashcards
(46 cards)
What brain structure is shaped like a seahorse?
Hungry hungry hippocampus
Strengthening synapse is _____ specific
input
3 types of long term memory
Explicit, implicit, and emotional
Whats another term for operate conditioning?
Instrumental conditioning.
Explicit learning
Conscious memory – subjects can retrieve information and know that it is correct. Ex: – a test
Implicit learning
knowledge (a skill, conditioned response or prompted response) that cannot be explicitly recalled. Ex: Guitar
How are implicit memories encoded?
implicit memory enters the brain in a ‘bottom-up’ way - sensory receptors, then its processed by a series of sub-cortical and cortical areas.
How are explicit memories encoded?
Explicit memory requires cortical control of behavior in a ‘top-down’ way. E.g. looking for your keys – the temporal lobe holds a vision of keys and ignores other stimuli from the visual system.
Retrograde amnesia
graded with loss of memories leading up to the trauma. Memories after the trauma are retained.
Anterograde amnesia
events leading up to the trauma can be recalled, but you’ll never be able to remember anything new
What memory structures are located in the medial temporal cortex?
Entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus
3 types of short-term memory
Sensory, motor, cognitive
Episodic memories
those that include us as part of a record of events– things that happen to us, and our role in those events.
The hippocampus is critically involved in spatial ______ and ________.
Memory. Reasoning
Why get a model organism?
cheap easy to test easy to minipulate morally okay
what underlies habituation of gill retraction in Aplysia?
Decrease in pre-synaptic calcium influx
what is the result of less calcium influx?
Less neuro-transmitter release
Habituation
A form of learning in which an organism decreases or ceases to respond to a stimulus after repeated presentations.
There is a simple _____ underlying the Aplysia retraction reflex, and changes in a single ______ of this _____ mediate this habituation response
Circuit Synapse Circuit
What was Kandels animal model?
The sea slug Aplysia Californica.
Sensitization
a non-associative learning process in which repeated administrations of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response. (New dendritic spines are formed.)
What mediates the effect of sensitization in Aplysia?
Slower efflux of potassium from the presynaptic neuron in response to serotonin
Long term potentiation
In the hippocampus we observe an increase in the amplitude of post-‐synaptic potentials after strong stimulation of the pre-‐synaptic neuron.
How many types of ionotrophic receptors for glutamate are there?
3 (NMDA and AMPA are of interest now)
