ITS Technologies Flashcards
What are the Central Systems’ General Tasks
Communication with system / outside world
• Firewall
• Receiving / Sending data
• Central Station’s internal Network (LAN)
Data management
• Plausibility test, default values, consistency • Online und offline data
• Dynamic data management / distribution
• Archiving
Visualizing
• Messages, system status • Traffic status
• Data analysis
Operation
• Correction of anomalies, maintenance • Traffic and control technology setup
• Compatibility of analyses
Control
What are the Mobility Data Marketplace MDM and its functions?
• Managing of all available traffic information
• Exchanging information
• Purifying and filtering of information
• Goals:
- real-time information for everyone make traffic transparent
• Three main participating groups:
- Data providers (e.g. control centers) Data receivers
- Data processors ( purifying)
Portal
• Three functions:
- Portal: Search for data providers, present own data
- Broker: Secure exchange of data with logging
- Main Function: Data Exchange
What is V2X communication?
‘vehicle to everything’ is the umbrella term for the car’s communication system, where information from sensors and other sources travels via high-bandwidth, low-latency, high-reliability links, paving the way to fully autonomous driving.
What are the actuators?
The components communicating information to the traveler make up the interface between the control system and the users (drivers/travelers), they are called actuators. Information communication systems and actuators are differentiated into: On street (Collective) Inside vehicle Pre-trip-info On-trip-info
Which are the methods of data collection?
- Observing, manual surveying
- Stationary (fixed, local) detectors
• On ground detectors
• Above ground detectors
• Section oriented detection - Mobile detection
- Aerial view (airplane, satellite)
Which are types of information to be observed with detection devices?
- Traffic (volume, speed, vehicle types, vehicle data…)
- Environment (weather, road surface conditions, visibility…)
- System operation (control status, system utilization, errors…)
Describe the advantages, disadvantages and use cases of the Local Detection Method
See Table
Describe the Section Oriented Detection Method and its procedures
The goal is to recognize vehicles at different cross-sections. This way, travel times can be determined and the traffic conditions can be better described. From travel times, travel speeds can also be derived.
Procedures:
Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) Automatic number plate recognition is achieved by infrared cameras. Data filtering to eliminate outlying implausible data (e.g. Stops for shopping).
Re-identification of Bluetooth IDs: Bluetooth ID numbers from passing vehicles are stored and then matched with ID data collected from subsequent Bluetooth sensors. Various parameters are calculated using the difference in time and distance.
RFID: Radio Frequency Identification
Describe the Mobile Detection Method and its procedures
Moving Observer (Probe Vehicle)
– Sampling the traffic flow ‘car following’
– Average traffic flow ‘average trip’, immersed in the traffic
Floating Car Data
– FCD: vehicle-ID, Position, time
travel times, number of stops, route (data protection problematic)
– xFCD: additional vehicle-telemetry data (light, fog lights, air temperature, vehicle condition, windshield wiper status, emergency…)
– E.g. Fleet operators (e.g. taxi, service fleets, ADAC), Navigation devices (e.g. TomTom)
Mobile Phone Data (mobile phone positioning and tracking, map matching)
Describe the Detection of Public Transport and its procedures
Objective:
Prioritization of public transport, Management of public transport and Information of customers
Process and Technologies
• Registration at the traffic light
• Transmitting the position to the control center
• Voice radio connection to control center
How are cataloged weather conditions and what are the key measurements
The weather are disturbances in a Feedforward Control Loop. Key Measurements: - Visibility - Precipitation - Wind speed / direction - Air temperature - Relative humidity - Road surface condition - Road surface temperature
What are the relevant regulations in Germany on motorways
Data acquisition (TLS): How is data produced, sent, received. Technical view.
Data processing (MARZ): How is data handled, information retrieved. Functional view.
How is the aggregation of individual vehicle data (MARZ) done?
- Aggregation usually in 1-minute intervals, sometimes in 5 minutes intervals
- Aggregation for every measuring point for each lane
- Vehicle classification in different vehicle classes
- The aggregated data is used for local control and transferred from the roadside controller to the control center (roadside center or regional center) applications: local control, section control, network control, statistics
