IUPAC Nomenclature of Haloalkanes and haloarenes Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are haloalkanes?
Organic compounds with one or more halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I) attached to an alkane chain.
How is the IUPAC name for haloalkanes determined?
The halogen is treated as a substituent on the parent alkane.
What is the longest-chain rule in haloalkane nomenclature?
Pick the longest continuous carbon chain containing the halogen(s) as the parent and name it as an alkane (–ane suffix).
How should the carbon chain be numbered in haloalkanes?
Number the carbon chain so that the substituents, especially the halogen, get the lowest possible locant(s).
What prefixes are used for halogens in haloalkane nomenclature?
- fluoro- for F
- chloro- for Cl
- bromo- for Br
- iodo- for I
How are multiple halogens indicated in haloalkanes?
Each halogen gets its own number and prefix, using Greek prefixes di-, tri-, tetra- for identical halogens.
What is the alphabetical order rule in haloalkane nomenclature?
If there is a tie in numbering choices, give the lowest set of numbers by choosing the end that gives the alphabetically earliest substituent the lowest position.
How are common names different from IUPAC names for haloalkanes?
Common names are two words (alkyl + halide), while IUPAC names are written as one word (haloalkane).
What is a mnemonic to remember the alphabetical tie-breaker in haloalkanes?
Imagine two halogen ‘kids’ named Bromie (Br) and Chlorie (Cl) at opposite ends of a carbon street.
What are haloarenes?
Aromatic compounds (benzene derivatives) with one or more halogen atoms on the ring.
How is the prefix for halogens in haloarenes formed?
Use the prefix halo- (fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-) attached to the aromatic parent name.
How is numbering handled in haloarenes with multiple substituents?
Number the ring so that the substituents get the lowest possible set of locants, with alphabetical tie-break if needed.
What are the common prefixes for disubstitution on benzene?
- ortho- for 1,2-
- meta- for 1,3-
- para- for 1,4-
What is the difference in naming between common and IUPAC for haloarenes?
Common names use halogen + benzene, while IUPAC prefers names like chlorobenzene.
What is a mnemonic to remember the positions of substituents in haloarenes?
Think of the benzene ring as a clock face: ortho = adjacent, meta = one gap, para = opposite sides.
What is the significance of treating the halogen as a substituent?
Always treat the halogen as a substituent (prefix halo-) on the parent hydrocarbon.
Fill in the blank: For haloalkanes, use __________ for multiple identical halogens.
di-/tri-
True or False: In IUPAC nomenclature, the name for haloalkanes is written as two words.
False
What should be prioritized when numbering in haloarenes?
Number the ring such that carbon-1 is one substituent, giving the lowest overall numbering.
What is the visual aid suggested for remembering the nomenclature rules?
A mind map with branches for longest chain, numbering, prefixes, multiple halogens, and common vs IUPAC.
