IV

Question 1

The most common electrolytes in the body

Answer 1

Sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride, magnesium, phosphate

Question 2

Elecytolye

Answer 2

An element or compound that, when dissolved or dissociated in water or solvent, separates into ions

Question 3

Why must we add electrolytes to fluids

Answer 3

In order to create an isotonic solution for the body

Question 4

Regulation of body fluids occurs by

Answer 4

Intake, output, hormonally

Question 5

Fluids and solutes move through membrane by 4 processes

Answer 5

Osmosis, diffusions, filtaration, carrier mediated transport

Question 6

Fluid output occurs where

Answer 6

Fluid lost through, skin, lungs, GI tract

Insensible loss (20-25 mLs per hour)

Sensible water loss (varies greatly)

Question 7

Fluid intake regularted by

Answer 7

Osmoreceptors

Question 8

Usual Fluid intake per day

Answer 8

2200-2700 mLs per day

Question 9

Hormonal regulation of fluids

Answer 9

ADH

Renin-Angiotensin aldosterone mech (released by adrenal cortex by falling sodium levels)

Atrial natrietic peptides (respond to low fluid circulating blood volume)

Question 10

Everytime someone has fluids they have electrolytes checked every _____

Answer 10

48 hours

Question 11

Prolonged and severe compromises in electrolyte balance can result in

Answer 11

irreversible chronic health problems

Question 12

Interventions to fluid imbalance include?

Answer 12

Enteral fluid replacement
Restriction of fluids
Parental replacement of fluids/electrolytes

Question 13

two main categories of Iv theerapy

Answer 13

Crystaloid and colliodM

Question 14

Most common category of IV thereapy

Answer 14

Crystaloid

Question 15

Cyrstaloid solutions

Answer 15

Glucose, sodium cholrid and lactated ringer solutions
Vary in tonicity

Cross semipermeable membranes

Question 16

Colloid solutions

Answer 16

Remain suspended in intervascular space to incrase vascular pressure/vascular volume in critical situations

Contain proteins and starch

Question 17

Crystaloids divideed based onto tonicity into

Answer 17

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

Question 18

Isotonic crystalloid solutions

Answer 18

Same tonicity as blood

Fill same fluid volume space as blood

The fluid goes equally through inter and extracellular spaces

Most common 0.9 NaCl solution

2nd most common Desxtroce 5% in water

3rd Ringers Lactate

Question 19

.9% NacL is

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

Anything more than 0.9% NaCl would be

Answer 20

Hypertonic

Question 21

Anything less than 0.9% NaCl would be

Answer 21

Hypotonic

Question 22

How often are bags changed and tubing changed

Answer 22

Depends on hospital policy

Question 23

Things a nurse must be aware of when caring for a patient with an IV

Question 24

Safety alerts for electrolytes

Answer 24

NaCl is NEVER given by direct intravenous infusion

IV pumps/volume controlled devices - ensure prescribed rate of infusion
- Must be used for meds requiring preseise rates of admin

Antifreeflow safeguard preventing bolus infusion in event of machine malfunction and IS required
- Manufactured recommendation for procedure should ALWAYs be followed and checked

Question 25

What to check on IV bags

Answer 25

Expiry date, look for punctures, look for crystalization

Question 26

How is the equipment chosen

Answer 26

Size of the bag is chosen based on how long it will be hanging for Pump used if necessary, only pole if using gravity

Question 27

What is significant abuot IV access

Answer 27

There is a BIG difference bw and IV access point and a peripherally inserted central line

Question 28

Roller clamp

Answer 28

Regulates rate at which IV runs by gravity Number of drops/min is controlled

Question 29

Drip chamber

Answer 29

Small space allowing drips to fall to determine drop factor (number of drops/mL)

Question 30

Port

Answer 30

Where secondary tubing meets the primary

Question 31

Lower port

Answer 31

For delivering IB push meds OR when we want to connect ANOTHER tubing that is going to run and shut the other one off

Question 32

Luer lock

Answer 32

Connects tubing to IV infusion device

Question 33

Drop factor

Answer 33

Number of drops that exist in a mL (every IV package will have this in the right upper corner)

Question 34

IV drip Rate formula

Answer 34

Volume to be infused (mls/hr) / 60 minutes/hr x the drop factor = IV drip rate i.e. 75mLs/hr / 60 min/hr x 20 gtts/mL (drop factor) =25 drops per minute

Question 35

Basic instructions for using IV line

Answer 35

Choose the correct IV solution and tubing. Prime the line. Label the infusion bag and tubing Obtain a “service ready” pump. Load the tubing into the pump. Enter the patient ID and select the correct profile – e.g., “Med Surg” Program the pump to infuse solution using the “Guardrails.” Be able to respond to a patient side or pump side occlusion alertW

Question 36

WHy should patient with IV avoid raising arms for long periods of time

Answer 36

it affects flow rate based on pressure provided by raising a lowering arm

Question 37

Infiltration

Answer 37

when intravenous fluids enter the surrounding space around the venipuncture site. See your text for infiltration scale.

Question 38

Phlebitis

Answer 38

is inflammation of the vein, Indicators always include erythema. Risk factors include catheter material, chemical irritation of additives or drugs given intravenously, rate of medication administration, skill of insertion, and anatomical location of catheter. See your text for the phlebitis scoring scale

Question 39

Interventions for IV complications

Answer 39

Pain meds, improve circulation to site Warmth will often bring pain release Sometimes Phlebitis patients need IV antibtiotics

Question 40

IV catheter can be accessed intermittantly advantages

Answer 40

Reduces the risk of ptfluid volume excess increases mobility, safety, and comfort

Question 41

Patency

Answer 41

The condition of the vein to remain open

Question 42

2nd year nursing students cannot flush PICC lines, so what must we check

Answer 42

Patients chartws to know if it's a PICC line or IV line

Question 43

What must be ensured before attatching syringe to vascular access device?

Answer 43

NO AIR IN SYRNINGE