IV. Soil Description

Question 1

Moderately weathered soils that form under boreal or deciduous forests, rich in iron and aluminum

Answer 1

Alfisols

Question 2

Clay particles accumulate in a subsurface layer in response to leaching in moist environments

Answer 2

Alfisols

Question 3

Fertile, productive soils because they are neither too wet nor too dry

Answer 3

Alfisols

Question 4

Young soils formed from volcanic ash and cinders

Answer 4

Andisols

Question 5

Soils that develop in dry places

Answer 5

Aridosols

Question 6

Insufficient water to remove soluble minerals

Answer 6

Aridosols

Question 7

May accumulate calcium carbonate, gypsum, or salt in the subsoil

Answer 7

Aridosols

Question 8

Low organic content

Answer 8

Aridosols

Question 9

Young soils with limited development, exhibiting properties of the parent material

Answer 9

Entisols

Question 10

Productivity ranges from very high in river deposits to very low in shifting sand or rocky slopes

Answer 10

Entisols

Question 11

Young soils with little profile development found in regions with permafrost

Answer 11

Gelisols

Question 12

Low temperatures and frozen conditions slow soil formation

Answer 12

Gelisols

Question 13

Organic soils with little or no climatic implications

Answer 13

Histosols

Question 14

Found in climates where organic debris accumulates to form bog soil

Answer 14

Histosols

Question 15

Dark, partially decomposed organic material, commonly known as peat

Answer 15

Histosols

Question 16

Weakly developed young soils with beginning profile development

Answer 16

Inceptisols

Question 17

Most common in humid climates, occurring from the Arctic to the tropics

Answer 17

Inceptisols

Question 18

Native vegetation is most often forest

Answer 18

Inceptisols

Question 19

Dark, soft soils developed under grass vegetation, found in prairie areas

Answer 19

Mollisols

Question 20

Humus-rich surface horizon, high in calcium and magnesium

Answer 20

Mollisols

Question 21

Excellent soil fertility

Answer 21

Mollisols

Question 22

Also found in hardwood forests with significant earthworm activity

Answer 22

Mollisols

Question 23

Range from boreal and alpine to tropical climates

Answer 23

Mollisols

Question 24

Dry seasons are common

Answer 24

Mollisols

Question 25

Soils that occur on old land surfaces unless strongly weathered before deposition

Answer 25

Oxisols

Question 26

Generally found in tropical and subtropical regions

Answer 26

Oxisols

Question 27

Rich in iron and aluminum oxides, heavily leached, poor for agriculture

Answer 27

Oxisols

Question 28

Found only in humid regions on sandy material

Answer 28

Spodosols

Question 29

Common in northern coniferous and cool humid forests

Answer 29

Spodosols

Question 30

A light-colored horizon of leached material beneath dark organic matter

Answer 30

Spodosols

Question 31

Soils resulting from long periods of weathering

Answer 31

Ultisols

Question 32

Water percolation concentrates clay in the lower horizons

Answer 32

Ultisols

Question 33

Restricted to humid climates in temperate and tropical regions

Answer 33

Ultisols

Question 34

Extensive leaching results in poorer soil quality

Answer 34

Ultisols

Question 35

Contain large amounts of clay, shrinking upon drying and swelling with water

Answer 35

Vertisols

Question 36

Found in subhumid to arid climates with periodic water saturation

Answer 36

Vertisols

Question 37

Soil expansion and contraction exert stress on human structures

Answer 37

Vertisols