IVAP exam 3

Question 1

Types of vertebrae

Answer 1

Amphicelous, opisthocoelous, procelous, acelous, and heterocelous

Question 2

Describe amphicelous. examples

Answer 2

Concave at both ends, found in fish, a few salamanders and caecilians

Question 3

describe opisthocoelous.

examples

Answer 3

convex in front and concave in back. Salamanders

Question 4

Describe procelous. Give examples

Answer 4

concave in front and convex in back. Anurans and present day reptiles

Question 5

Describe Acelous. Give examples

Answer 5

flat ended, mammals

Question 6

Describe heterogenous. Examples

Answer 6

Saddle shaped centrum at both ends. Birds

Question 7

How many individual vertebrae are there?

Answer 7

24 and fused sacrum and coccyx

Question 8

Function of vertebral column

Answer 8

Provides vertical support for body, supports weight of head, maintains upright body position and houses spinal cord

Question 9

Body of vertebrae

Answer 9

thick anterior weight bearing structure

Question 10

vertebral arch

Answer 10

posterior to body

Question 11

vertebral foramen

Answer 11

opening enclosed by body with vertebral arch

Question 12

vertebral canal

Answer 12

formed by stacked vertebral foramina and contains spinal cord

Question 13

Intervertebral foramina

Answer 13

lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae, passageways for spinal nerves extending into body

Question 14

vertebral arch is composed to 2 __ and 2 __

Answer 14

pedicles and laminae

Question 15

pedicles

Answer 15

originate from posterolateral margins of the body

Question 16

laminae

Answer 16

extend posteromedially from posterior edge of pedicle

Question 17

spinous process

Answer 17

projects posteriol from laminae junction

Question 18

transverse process

Answer 18

lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch

Question 19

Superior and inferior anterior processes

Answer 19

originate at junction between pedicles and laminae, has smooth surface (articular facet)

Question 20

5 vertebrae

Answer 20

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

Question 21

cervical vertebrae form bones of the

Answer 21

neck

Question 22

Number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 22

7

Question 23

c1 articulates w

Answer 23

occipital condyle

Question 24

c1 is __ and c2 is __

Answer 24

atlas, axis

Question 25

c7 articulates with

Answer 25

first thoracic vertebrae

Question 26

atlas function

Answer 26

supports the head and articulates with occipital condyle to allow nodding yes

Question 27

Atlas lacks __ and __

Answer 27

body and spinous process

Question 28

There is a ____ on the anterior arch of the atlas

Answer 28

articular facet for dens

Question 29

the body of the axis is

Answer 29

fused

Question 30

what is the dens of the axis

Answer 30

acts as a pivot for lateral rotation between atlas and skull

Question 31

atlantoaxial joint between atlas and axis

Answer 31

permits shaking the head no

Question 32

shape of body of cervical vertebrae

Answer 32

kidney bean shaped

Question 33

cervical vertebrae only support the weight of the

Answer 33

head

Question 34

cervical vertebrae are distinguished by the __ on the transverse process

Answer 34

transverse foramina that houses vertebral artery and vein

Question 35

Thoracic vertebrae articulates with

Answer 35

one or two pairs of ribs

Question 36

number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 36

12

Question 37

thoracic vertebrae have a __ spinous process

Answer 37

long, thin

Question 38

Lumbar vertebrae form the __ region of the back

Answer 38

concave

Question 39

number of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 39

5

Question 40

Describe the spinous process of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 40

short and thick

Question 41

sacrum vertebrae are ___

Answer 41

fused

Question 42

number of fused sacral vertebrae

Answer 42

5

Question 43

sacrum laterally articulates with

Answer 43

2 hip bones

Question 44

coccyx is aka

Answer 44

tailbone

Question 45

number of vertebrae

Answer 45

4

Question 46

coccyx may fuse with

Answer 46

sacrum

Question 47

when does the coccyx start to untie

Answer 47

puberty

Question 48

how to treat herniated disc

Answer 48

wait and see, NSAIDS, or microdisectomy in which a portion of disc is removed

Question 49

Thoracic cage

Answer 49

bony framework of chest that protects organs and is the attachment site for many muscles

Question 50

thoracic cage consists of

Answer 50

thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, ribs laterally, and sternum anteriorly

Question 51

sternum is aka

Answer 51

breastbones

Question 52

sternum is a

Answer 52

flat bone forming anterior midline of thoracic wall

Question 53

manubrium

Answer 53

widest and most superior portion of sternum

Question 54

manubrium is made of

Answer 54

2 clavier notches, suprasternal notch, and costal notches

Question 55

clavicar notches

Answer 55

articulate sternum with left and right clavicles

Question 56

what is the largest part of the sternum?

Answer 56

sternum body

Question 57

which ribs are attached to sternum body?

Answer 57

2-7

Question 58

where does the sternum body articulate w the manubrium?

Answer 58

sternal angle

Question 59

diploid process Where? when ossify?

Answer 59

at tip of sternum and doesn't ossify until age 40

Question 60

how many ribs do we have?

Answer 60

12 pairs

Question 61

true ribs are

Answer 61

ribs 1-7

Question 62

how do true rubs connect to sternum?

Answer 62

costal cartilages

Question 63

false ribs are

Answer 63

ribs 8-12

Question 64

what do false ribs mean

Answer 64

costal cartilages not attached directly to sternum and are indirectly attached

Question 65

ribs 11-12 are

Answer 65

floating ribs

Question 66

why are 11-12 ribs floating?

Answer 66

they have no connection to sternum