IVD Flashcards
What is the number of true IVD identified in the adult?
23
What is the organizational pattern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar nucleus pulpous?
they typically lack a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus non-aggregated
What cell is associated with the nucleus pulposus until age 11?
notochord cells
Which type of collagen is dominant in the nucleus pulposus?
collagen type II
What is unusual about the cervical annulus fibrosus?
it lacks any lamellar or layered organization
What is the appearance of the cervical annulus fibrosus?
a horse-shoe with the anterior margin thick and the lateral margins tapering to the uncinate processes; the posterior margin is thin
What compensates for the thinness of the posterior part of the cervical annulus fibrosus?
posterior longitudinal ligament
What is the organizational pattern for glycosaminoglycans in the lumbar annulus fibrosus?
they typically have a binding site for hyaluronic acid and are thus aggregated
Which type of collagen is dominant in the annulus fibrosus?
collagen type I
What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus?
they are parallel with one another in a single lamellas and angled
What is the organizational pattern for collagen fibers between lamellae?
collagen fibers will be angled in the opposite direction such that a spiral–counterspiral organization is observed
What is the average angle of collagen fibers within the annulus fibrosus?
they average 50-60 degrees
What is the origin for the cells of the annulus fibrosus?
sclerotomites
What cell type is associated with the annulus fibrosus?
fibroblast and fibrocyte
What is the cartilage end plate derived from?
epiphyseal plate
What part of the vertebral body will the cartilage end plate cover?
the cancellous bone at the top or bottom of the vertebral body
What is the principal type of collagen fiber within the cartilage end plate?
type II collagen fiber
What is the direction of collagen fibers within the cartilage end plate?
collagen fibers are aligned anterior to posterior
What is the earliest indicator of IVD pathology or degeneration?
changes in the histology of the cartilage end plate
What part of the IVD is innervated?
the outer lamellae of the annulus fibrosus
What are the types of receptor endings in the IVD?
nociceptors and proprioceptors
What is the relationship between size of the IVD and receptor endings?
the larger the disc, the greater the variety of receptor endings
What are the sources of innervation of the IVD?
the sinu-vertebral nerve (sinus vertebral nerve, recurrent meningeal nerve), fibers from the ventral primary ramus, fibers from the white rams communicans, fibers from the paradisal rams communicants, fibers from the gray ramus communicans
What nerves have been shown to give off the sinus vertebral/sinu-vertebral/recurrent meningeal nerve?
the mixed spinal nerve, ventral primary ramus, dorsal primary ramus, gray ramus communicans, and white ramus communicans have all been implicated
