IVU 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
List the suggested standard series of films taken during a routine IVU.
- Control/preliminary film
- Immediate film
- 5-minute film
- 10-minute film
- 15/20-minute (full length) film
- post-micturition film.
What are three purposes of the preliminary film in an IVU?
- To check and adjust exposure factors, positioning, centring, and collimation.
- To check patient’s abdominal preparation.
- To demonstrate any existing opacities.
Describe the positioning and centring for a preliminary abdominal film in an IVU.
- Full length Antero-posterior (AP) of the abdomen on inspiration, with the lower border of the cassette at the level of the symphysis pubis. The x-ray beam is centred in the midline at the level of the iliac crest.
What is the primary aim of the 5-minute film in an IVU?
To show the pelvicalyceal system and determine if excretion is symmetrical.
When is the immediate film taken during an IVU, and what is its primary aim?
10-14 seconds after contrast injection; to show the nephogram (opacification of the renal parenchyma).
When is a compression band applied during an IVU, and what is its purpose?
- Applied if the 5-minute film does not adequately show the pelvicalyceal system
- To retard the flow of contrast and better visualize the upper urinary tracts.
List four contraindications for the use of a compression band during an IVU.
- Recent abdominal surgery.
- Renal trauma.
large abdominal mass. - Already distended calyces on the 5-minute film.
What is typically visualized on the 10-minute film of an IVU?
Adequate distension of the pelvicalyceal systems with opaque urine.
What is the purpose of the 15/20-minute (release) film in an IVU?
To show the entire urinary system (kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder).
Describe the positioning and centring for a post-micturition film of the bladder.
Film of the urinary bladder with the tube angled 15° caudad, centred 5cm above the symphysis pubis.
What are three key pieces of information assessed on a post-micturition film?
- Bladder emptying success
- The return of the previously distended lower ends of ureters to normal.
- Bladder pathology/post-micturition residue.
What anatomical structures should be clearly demonstrated by the contrast medium on an acceptable IVU radiograph?
Renal outline and psoas muscles (soft tissue).
List five general criteria for assessing the technical quality of an IVU radiograph.
- Free from gases/faecal matter
no artefacts
no rotation - No sign of movement Un sharpness
- Correct patient identity.
Describe the patient positioning for Right and Left Antero-posterior Oblique projections during an IVU.
In the AP position, the unaffected side is raised 30°, and the affected side is in contact with the table.
What is the primary purpose of Right and Left Antero-posterior Oblique projections during an IVU?
- To separate superimposed minor calyces filled with contrast medium or to visualize structures obscured by overlying colonic shadows.
When is a prone projection typically used during an IVU?
When there appears to be a hold-up of contrast at the pelvi-ureteric junction, or as the usual method for outlining the ureters.
What is the purpose of delayed films in an IVU?
To demonstrate the actual site of ureteric obstruction, with films potentially taken up to 24 hours after contrast injection.
What are three general patient care instructions to provide after an IVU?
: General psychological reassurance; dressing and checking the needle wound site for extravasation; ensuring the patient understands how to receive results and any preparation instructions for future procedures.
What are three important aspects of patient care to maintain during an IVU examination?
Monitor vital signs every 15 minutes; keep the patient warm; never leave the patient alone.
How does an emergency IVU typically differ from a routine IVU in terms of preparation, compression, and contrast dose?
No abdominal preparation is done; no compression band is used; and a high dose of contrast (60 mls or more) is administered.
