IX - General Pathology of Infectious Diseases

Question 2

These agents cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

Answer 2

Prions

p. 321

Question 3

Infected cells show distinct nuclear and ill-defined cytoplasmic inclusions.

Answer 3

CMV

p. 322

Question 4

Infected cells show glassy nuclear inclusions, frequently with a surrounding halo.

Answer 4

Herpesvirus infection

p. 322

Question 5

Infected hepatocytes show diffuse granular (ground-glass) cytoplasm.

Answer 5

Hepatitis B viral infection

p. 322

Question 6

Sexually transmitted protozoan that can colonize the vagina and male urethra.

Answer 6

Trichimonas vaginalis

p. 325

Question 7

Protozoan acquired either by contact with oocyte-shedding kittens or by consumption of cyst-ridden undercooked meat.

Answer 7

Toxoplasma gondii

p. 325

Question 8

Size of microorganisms for them to be inhaled directly into the alveoli.

Answer 8

5 um

p. 327

Question 9

These microorganisms grow in contaminated food and releases powerful enterotoxins that cause food poisoning symptoms without any bacterial multiplication in the gut.

Answer 9

Staphylococcal strains

p. 327

Question 10

Intestinal helminth that cause disease when present in large numbers or cause obstruction of the gut.

Answer 10

Ascaris lumbricoides

p. 326

Question 11

Helminth that causes iron deficiency anemia by chronic loss of blood.

Answer 11

Hookworms

p. 327

Question 12

Helminth that depletes vitamin B12 giving rise to an illness resembling pernicious anemia.

Answer 12

Diphyllobotrium latum

p. 327

Question 13

Placentofetal route as a mode of transmission is also referred to as ________.

Answer 13

Vertical transmission

p. 329

Question 14

The ability of bacteria to cause disease.

Answer 14

Virulence

p. 331

Question 15

Bacterial surface molecules that bind to host cells.

Answer 15

Adhesins

p. 332

Question 16

Filamentous proteins on gram negative bacteria which allow exchange of genes between bacteria, and also involved in adherence.

Answer 16

Fimbriae/pili

p. 332

Question 17

Clostridium perfringens produces this toxin that disrupts plasma membranes resulting in digestion of host tissues and collagen.

Answer 17

Alpha toxin (lecithinase)

p. 334

Question 18

Bacterial toxins with the capacity to stimulate large populations of T lymphocytes, functionally resulting in a “cytokine storm”.

Answer 18

Superantigens

p. 334

Question 19

Examples of antigen presenting cells.

Answer 19

Dendritic cellsMacrophagesB-cells

p. 334

Question 20

A superantigen secreted by S. aureus which causes inflammation, fever and shock. Found in the vagina of menstruating women.

Answer 20

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

p. 334

Question 21

Collection of neutrophils which gives rise to localized liquefactive necrosis.

Answer 21

Abscess

p. 334

Question 22

High risk agents of bioterrorism which are easily disseminated and has high potential for mortality. An example is smallpox.

Answer 22

Category A

Question 23

A distinctive form of mononuclear inflammation usually evoked by infectious agents that resist eradication, but are capable of stimulating strong T cell mediated immunity. Characterized by epitheloid cells which may fuse to form giant cells.

Answer 23

Granulomatous inflammation

p. 335

Question 24

Agents that are relatively easy to disseminate and produces moderate morbidity and low mortality. An example is E.coli O157:H7 which can cause HUS.

Answer 24

Category B

Question 25

Includes emerging pathogens that have the potential for mass dissemination with high morbidity and mortality. Examples are Nipah virus and Hanta virus.

Answer 25

Category C