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1
Q

What is empirical research?

A

Empirical research is a method of gaining knowledge through direct or indirect observation or experience.

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2
Q

True or False: Empirical methods rely on subjective interpretation.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Empirical methods are based on ________ evidence.

A

observable

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4
Q

What is the primary goal of empirical methods?

A

To test hypotheses and develop theories based on observable data.

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5
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an empirical method? A) Surveys B) Case Studies C) Intuition D) Experiments

A

C) Intuition

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6
Q

What type of data do empirical methods primarily utilize?

A

Quantitative and qualitative data.

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7
Q

True or False: Empirical methods can include both qualitative and quantitative research.

A

True

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8
Q

What is a hypothesis in the context of empirical research?

A

A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Empirical methods often involve the use of ________ to collect data.

A

experiments

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10
Q

Multiple Choice: Which method is commonly used in empirical research to gather data from a large group of people? A) Interviews B) Focus Groups C) Surveys D) Observations

A

C) Surveys

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11
Q

What is a key characteristic of empirical evidence?

A

It can be observed and measured.

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12
Q

True or False: Empirical research can only be conducted in a laboratory setting.

A

False

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13
Q

What is the role of a control group in empirical experiments?

A

To serve as a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental group.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: In empirical research, ________ is the process of repeating an experiment to verify results.

A

replication

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a qualitative empirical method? A) Randomized control trial B) Case study C) Statistical analysis D) Survey

A

B) Case study

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16
Q

What is a variable in empirical research?

A

Any factor that can change or be changed in an experiment.

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17
Q

True or False: Empirical methods are not subject to bias.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?

A

The independent variable is manipulated, while the dependent variable is measured.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment.

A

control group

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which research method involves in-depth study of a single subject or group? A) Survey B) Experiment C) Case study D) Observation

A

C) Case study

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21
Q

What does the term ‘operational definition’ refer to in empirical research?

A

It refers to the specific way in which a variable is measured or defined in a study.

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22
Q

True or False: Empirical research can provide conclusive proof.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the significance of peer review in empirical research?

A

It helps ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: In empirical research, ________ is the chance that the results are due to random variation.

A

sampling error

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25
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a quantitative method? A) Interviews B) Focus Groups C) Surveys D) Ethnography
C) Surveys
26
What is the purpose of using statistical analysis in empirical research?
To interpret data and draw conclusions about relationships between variables.
27
True or False: Qualitative research is less valid than quantitative research.
False
28
What is a longitudinal study?
A research method that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods.
29
Fill in the blank: A ________ is a systematic investigation to establish facts or principles.
study
30
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an advantage of empirical research? A) It is always conclusive B) It provides a structured approach to data collection C) It does not require statistical analysis D) It eliminates all biases
B) It provides a structured approach to data collection
31
What is a cross-sectional study?
A study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.
32
True or False: Empirical methods can include observational studies.
True
33
What is the main disadvantage of case studies in empirical research?
They may lack generalizability due to the focus on a single subject.
34
Fill in the blank: In empirical research, ________ is the systematic collection of data to answer research questions.
methodology
35
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a qualitative data collection method? A) Survey B) Experiment C) Interview D) Statistical analysis
C) Interview
36
What does 'validity' refer to in empirical research?
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
37
True or False: Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure.
True
38
What is the purpose of a literature review in empirical research?
To summarize existing knowledge and identify gaps in the research.
39
Fill in the blank: ________ is the process of selecting a representative sample from a larger population.
Sampling
40
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common method for collecting qualitative data? A) Surveys B) Observations C) Experiments D) All of the above
D) All of the above
41
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that influences both the dependent and independent variable, leading to a false conclusion.
42
True or False: Empirical methods are only applicable in the social sciences.
False
43
What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research?
To ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, reducing bias.
44
Fill in the blank: The ________ variable is what researchers manipulate in an experiment.
independent
45
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of empirical research? A) Descriptive B) Experimental C) Narrative D) Correlational
C) Narrative
46
What is meant by 'data triangulation'?
Using multiple data sources or methods to enhance the credibility of research findings.
47
True or False: Empirical research can be conducted without a theoretical framework.
True
48
What is the significance of ethical considerations in empirical research?
To protect the rights and welfare of research participants.
49
Fill in the blank: ________ is a research design that tests the effects of an intervention on a specific outcome.
Experimental design
50
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a quantitative measurement? A) Age B) Satisfaction C) Opinions D) Experiences
A) Age
51
What role does the researcher play in qualitative empirical research?
The researcher often acts as the primary instrument for data collection and interpretation.
52
True or False: Empirical research is only concerned with numerical data.
False
53
What is a pilot study?
A small scale preliminary study conducted to test the feasibility, time, cost, and adverse events involved in a research project.
54
Fill in the blank: In empirical research, ________ is the process of analyzing and interpreting collected data.
data analysis
55
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a disadvantage of surveys? A) They are time-consuming B) They can have low response rates C) They provide qualitative data D) They are always accurate
B) They can have low response rates
56
What does the term 'sampling bias' refer to?
A bias that occurs when the sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn.
57
True or False: Empirical research helps in forming theories and generating new hypotheses.
True
58
What is a mixed-methods approach?
A research approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative methods.
59
Fill in the blank: In empirical research, ________ refers to the degree to which results can be generalized to other settings.
external validity
60
Multiple Choice: Which method is best for exploring complex phenomena in-depth? A) Surveys B) Experiments C) Case studies D) Meta-analysis
C) Case studies
61
What is the purpose of using an operational definition in research?
To provide clear and measurable definitions of variables.
62
True or False: The results of empirical research are always definitive.
False
63
What does 'qualitative analysis' involve?
Analyzing non-numerical data to identify patterns, themes, and meanings.
64
Fill in the blank: The ________ variable is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.
dependent
65
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a qualitative data analysis method? A) Regression analysis B) Thematic analysis C) ANOVA D) Descriptive statistics
B) Thematic analysis

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