J1100 Midterm

Question 1

4 core ideals of US journalism

Answer 1

1. Publication enshrined in the first amendment
2. Free press is best achieved through a free market
3. Free competition leads truth to triumph over falsehood
4. The principle enemy of freedom is the state

Question 2

Egalitarian model

Answer 2

Emphasizes rights and privileges – related to citizen journalism

Question 3

Expert model

Answer 3

Emphasize proficiency

Question 4

High stakes

Answer 4

Journalists construct social reality for their audience

Question 5

Gatekeeping model

Answer 5

Information-gatekeepers-news-audiences

Question 6

4 assumptions of the old gatekeeping model

Answer 6

1. Journalists know what their audience wants
2. The audience is a mass audience
3. Journalists are the only gatekeepers
4. Competition among various types of information to become news is weak

Question 7

4 alternatives to gatekeeping model

Answer 7

1. Curation or aggregation
2. Networked gatekeeping
3. Secondary gatekeeping
4. Going viral

Question 8

Aggregation

Answer 8

Journalists present their audiences with a menu of the most important news that has gotten through the gates

Question 9

Networked gatekeeping

Answer 9

Journalists send news through the gates to a networked audience which then processes that news

Question 10

Secondary gatekeeping

Answer 10

Journalists decide what user generated content is most important to show their audience

Question 11

Going viral

Answer 11

The crowd acts as gatekeepers

Question 12

4 models of journalism

Answer 12

Journalism of verification
Journalism of assertion
Journalism of affirmation
Journalism of aggregation

Question 13

Rational man theory

Answer 13

• reason is the source of truth
• the shift away from authoritarianism to democracy
• humans need acres to information to practice reason

Question 14

Ethical egoism

Answer 14

• moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest
• popular but not accepted

Question 15

5 factors that shape how journalism looks

Answer 15

Economic 
Political 
Legal 
Cultural 
Technological

Question 16

7 elements of democracy

Answer 16

Free elections
Full enfranchisement 
Each vote is equal 
Majority rule 
Independent judiciary 
Equality before the law
Guaranteed civil liberties

Question 17

7 elements of newsworthiness

Answer 17

Timeliness 
Impact 
Currency 
Conflict 
Novelty/emotions 
Prominence 
Proximity

Question 18

4 essential questions

Answer 18

What’s your story about
Who’s effected and how
Who has the info and can put it in context
What’s the best way to tell the story

Question 19

Collective memory

Answer 19

The social and cultural definition of events and phenomena in the past and how that helps create identity

Question 20

The market model

Answer 20

Strong libertarian ideals
Mistrust of govt
Concentrations of economic power

Question 21

Sensationalism

Answer 21

The use of exciting stories or language or stories at the expense of accuracy

Question 22

The new big 5

Answer 22

Google 
Facebook 
Amazon 
Apple
Microsoft

Question 23

3 alternative delivery methods

Answer 23

1. convergence journalism
2. Mobile delivery
3. Podcasts

Question 24

The Hutchinson commission

Answer 24

Investigation of us freedom

Social responsibility theory of the press

Represent important viewpoints and promote alternative thoughts

Question 25

Utility

Answer 25

Greatest good for the greatest number

Question 26

The wall

Answer 26

Mythical barrier between journalisms advertising and news departments

Question 27

4 things democracy needs from journalism

Answer 27

Information dissemination Accountability Representation Deliberation and conflict resolution

Question 28

Accountability

Answer 28

Comfort the afflicted and afflict the comfortable

Question 29

Interlocking public

Answer 29

The idea that everyone is interested and even and expert in something

Question 30

Virtue

Answer 30

Temperance middle ground between two extremes

Question 31

Representation

Answer 31

Counter balance institutional power | Ensure many voices are heard

Question 32

Collaboration

Answer 32

Journalists of the future to embrace the potent Jon of the network and to organize its input

Question 33

Networked gatekeeping

Answer 33

Journalists send news through the gates to a networked audience with then processes that news

Question 34

Purpose of official ethical codes and principles

Answer 34

They keep journalists honest and wanting to do the right thing for people Makes journalism have purpose when faves with a moral decision of right and wrong

Question 35

6 categories of ethics

Answer 35

``` Virtue Duty Utility Rights Love/caring Ethical egoism ```

Question 36

The inverted pyramid

Answer 36

A style or structure within news writing that places all of the most important information in the first paragraph Most widely used style

Question 37

Duty

Answer 37

Obligation to act morally

Question 38

Ethical decision marking

Answer 38

Being able to recognize which duties or obligations are most at stake in any given situation

Question 39

5 distinct functions the public requires

Answer 39

``` Informs analyzes interprets explains Investigates Creates public conversation Generates social empathy Encourages a culture of accountability ```

Question 40

Audience analytics

Answer 40

``` Mesures how many people are in an audience Page views Concurrent viewers Unique visitors The time spent on the page and site Number of pages visited per session Bounce rate--- single page views Number of items shared commented on ```

Question 41

The big 6

Answer 41

``` Comcast News corp Disney CBS Viacom Time warner ```

Question 42

Deweys views

Answer 42

Optimistic democracy is about much more than information Conversation is the root of democracy Democracy is a process not an outcome

Question 43

4 societal roles of a journalist

Answer 43

Authenticator- verify info sort through facts Sense maker- put events in context turning info into knowledge Bear witness- be the sole observer of an event Watchdog- a classic role of investigative reporting

Question 44

State shield laws

Answer 44

How you define a journalist Law that protects journalist in court

Question 45

How do news organizations stand out in a crowded media environment

Answer 45

Establishing brand with differentiation Maintaining a brand requires understanding Cooperative identities Maintaining a brand requires knowledge

Question 46

Core idea of democracy as it relates to journalism

Answer 46

Sovereignty of the people

Question 47

Perfect duties

Answer 47

``` Fidelity- keep your promise Do not harm Reparation- make up for harm Respect Formal justice- give people what they've earned ```

Question 48

Conglomeration ownership

Answer 48

Media group that owns numerous media companies