Jackson

Question 1

What is the most common way of contracting actinomyces israelii

Answer 1

Typically from mouth trauma (tooth extraction)

Question 2

What unique features are clues for actinomyces israelii?

Answer 2

Highly filamentous (looks like fungi!)
sulfur granules

(G+ rods)

Question 3

Chronic candida albicans infection is indicative of what?

Answer 3

T cell deficiency

Question 4

What is the primary virulence factor of streptococcus pneumoniae?

Answer 4

polysaccharide capsule

Question 5

Stain of aspirate strep pneumo would show?

Answer 5

gram + lancet shaped diplococci

Question 6

What is the most important virulence factor of H. influenza?

Answer 6

Polysaccharide capsule!

Question 7

Clinical features of H influ

Answer 7

small gram-negative coccobacillus
require X and/or V
Satellite growth on plates with BV and BX

Question 8

Strep pyogenes causes…

Answer 8

rheumatic heart disease!! M protein involved in molecular mimicry. cross reactive with heart muscle protein

Question 9

Key virulence factors of strep pyro

Answer 9

B hemolytic
M protein
exotoxins: SLO and SLS
Strep pyro exotoxin - scarlet fever!!

Question 10

Strep pyro lab tests

Answer 10

Catalase neg
bacitracin sensitive
gram + cocci chains

Question 11

Structure of the Diptheria TOxin?

Answer 11

AB! B for binding, A for acting

Sim to pseudomonas exotoxin- prevents protein synthesis by inactivating elongation factor2

Question 12

Key features of C Diptheria

Answer 12

AB
Mobile phage
iron regulated

pseudomembrane from oropharynx to trachea

Question 13

Clinical ID of C Diptheria

Answer 13

Gram +, Club shaped rods attached -CHINESE LETTERS

Question 14

What does Bordetella pertussis cause?

Answer 14

Whooping cough

Question 15

What is the structure of pertussis toxin?

Answer 15

AB5

analogous to cholera toxin.. different mechanism but both increase cAMP

Question 16

Clinical ID of pertussis?

Answer 16

Gram neg coccobacillus looks like haemoph

Question 17

Clinical ID of strep pneumo

Answer 17

Gram Positive, lancetshaped, diplococci stuck end to end
alpha hemolytic (green on agar)
quellung swelling
Optochin susceptibility
Bile solubility (differ from virdans)
latex agglut for antibodies

Question 18

What bacteria causes Sick Buildling Syndrome

Answer 18

Legionella pneumophilia

Question 19

What are the most common bacteria causing walking pnemonia

Answer 19

Mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, legionella

aka atypical pneumonias
do not gram stain

Question 20

What bacterium most likely to cause acute pneumonia secondary to some other insult?

Answer 20

Staph aureus

Question 21

Lab ID for staph?

Answer 21

Gram + cocci in clusters
Catalase+
Coag+

Question 22

Which bacteria is notorious for causing lung abscess?

Answer 22

Staph aureus

Question 23

What are the main virulence factors for mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 23

Mycolic Acid

Lipoarabinomannan (cell wall glycolip that suppresses T cell prolif and macrophage act)

Question 24

Case Presentation: Patient in poor health, recently institutionalized, wasting disease, nightsweats..?

Answer 24

MTB

Question 25

What are the primary virulence factors for pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 25

Adhesins, Alginate (biofilm!), elastase (degrades lung elastin)

Question 26

Mostly likely bacterial infection in Cystic Fibrosis patients?

Answer 26

Pseudomonas aer

Question 27

What bacteria causes pneumocytosis?

Answer 27

PCP

Question 28

What are the 3 important virulence factors for Pertussis?

Answer 28

1. Filamentous Hemagglutinin (Fha)/Pili 2. Pertussis Toxin 3. Invasive Adenylate Cyclase

Question 29

What are the two components of the signal transduction system that regulates Pertussis virulence factors?

Answer 29

BvgS and BvgA Temperature/ion changes cause BvgS to phosphorylate BvgA Timed control of virulence factor expression (pili/fha first)

Question 30

WHat can grow on Charcoal agar?

Answer 30

Pertussis

Question 31

What are the secondary complications of strep pneumo (after acute pneumonia)

Answer 31

Bacteremia andAcute Purulent Meningitis

Question 32

WHat are the virulence factors ofLegionella relevant to lower respiratory tract infections?

Answer 32

Outer membrane proteins (entry into macrophages) Metalloprotease Defect in organelle trafficking phospholipase C

Question 33

Is there person to person transmission for legionella?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

What survival advantage does Legionella have?

Answer 34

Live inside ameba! resistant to disinfectant, over winter live in cysts of ameba, can live in biofilms too. survives as intracellular parasites in monocyte-macrophage COILING phagocytosis

Question 35

What two syndromes are caused by legionella?

Answer 35

``` Legionnaire's DIsease (severe pneumonia) Pontiac Fever (nonpneumonic febrile illness less virulent) ```

Question 36

What cause's farmers lung?

Answer 36

Aspergillus

Question 37

What is unique about the life cycle of Aspergillus?

Answer 37

Not dimorphic... other fungi grow differently in tissue and lung. not aspergillus!!

Question 38

Chicken farmer or spelunker?

Answer 38

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 39

What unique feature is diagnostic of Histoplasma capsulatum?

Answer 39

Tuberculate macroconidia-- finger-like projections carrying spores