Jan 17-27 Flashcards
(53 cards)
Describe GROUND tissue and where it is found
FOUND: a space filler between top and bottom epidermis
- most abundant of tissue
- consists of all three cell types, but mostly parenchyma
- site of photosynthesis
- storage of nutrients
- is a space filler
What type of growth increases the root or stem girth?
Secondary growth
What is a stomata?
- opening in a leaf (usually bottom of leaf) that allows for O2 and CO2 gas exhchange
Describe VASCULAR tissue and name the two types and their functions
FOUND: throughout entire plant
- transports water and nutrients
1) Xylem: transports water/nutrients up the plant (from roots)
Conducting cells
2) Phloem: transports sugar from leaves - multi-directionally
Conducting cells
Characteristics and function of collenchyma cells
- primary cell walls that are thickened at the corners
- alive at maturity
- cells found around celery/rhubarb ridges
- NOT found in roots
FUNCTION: they provide support against gravity (esp. for young stems and leaves
Charateristics of sclerenchyma cells
- dead at maturity (lose organelles)
- secondary cell walls made of cellulose and lignin
- found in wood, bark, seed coats, pits of fruit, fibres (i.e. hemp)
- found in stems and roots
FUNCTION: Support and transport
Name four types of phloem cells
1) sieve element
2) companion cells
3) parenchyma
4) sclerenchyma
List the hierarchy
Kingdoms Divisions Classes Orders Families Genus Species
5 features of dicot
dicotyledonae
- two cotyledons
- net pattern leaf veins
- vascular bundles in a ring within stem
- usually has one main taproot from which smaller roots branch off
- flowers in 4 or 5, or multiples of four or five
- more variety of dicots than monocots
- primary and secondary growth occur
Name the 5 kingdoms of all living things
Protista Eubacteria Fungi Animalia Plantae
What is a mitochondria?
The place in a cell where cellular respiration takes place.
Sugar turns to energy.
Describe EPIDERMAL tissue and where it is found.
FOUND: around outside of stem, leaf, roots
- protects from water loss and provides protection
- one layer of tightly packed parenchyma cells
- in woody plants, it becomes the periderm
- may form trichomes (little hairs)
- clear, contains no chlorophyll
- some cells may secrete a waxy cuticle to further protect against water loss (i.e. in evergreens)
Describe mitosis and it’s purpose
- parent cell clones and then split into two daughter cells
- daughter cells are identical to parent and each other
- cells are diploid (2n) - two sets of chromosomes
- most plant cells are diploid
- asexual reproduction
PURPOSE: growth and repair
Describe spongy mesophyll
- loosely arranged parenchyma cells
- allows for space for air flow/gas exchange, water vapour
- catches some light that passes through the palisade mesophyll
- photosynthesis
What is a compound leaf and what are the two types?
- when a blade (leaf) is subdivided into leaflets
1) palmate
2) pinnate
What is the purpose of trichomes? (3)
- reduces water loss by trapping a layer of humid air around the blade
- is a pest deterrent
- reflects sunlight
What is a petiole?
A leaf stalk that attaches a blade to a stem
What is the midrib on a leaf?
A large vein of tightly packed xylem and phloem cells
Name all the parts off a leaf cross section
1) waxy cuticle
2) epidermis
3) palisade mesophyll
4) vascular bundles
5) spongy mesophyll
6) guard cells
7) trichomes
8) stomata
Name three types of plant tissue
1) epidermal
2) ground
3) vascular
What is a compound leaf?
A leaf whose leaflets are attached to the middle vein but have their own petioles
What is the function of a leaf?
Photosynthesis
What is the lateral meristem that runs between a xylem and phloem?
Vascular cambium
What is a rachis?
The part of a stem between two petioles on a compound leaf
