Japan Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Define Shinto
A
The first religion of Japan with the belief that all of nature had kami or spirit
2
Q
Define Clans
A
Extended families that live together
3
Q
Define regent
A
A person who rules a country for someone that is unable to rule
4
Q
Define Court
A
Group of nobles that live near and advise the ruler
5
Q
Define Zen Buddhism
A
A type of Buddhism that promotes self-discipline (self-guidance) and meditation or quiet thinking
6
Q
Define Daimyo
A
Landowners with money and lots of lands hired the samurai to look after it. They were just under the shogun in the feudal system and they governed japans provinces
7
Q
Define Samurai
A
Trained professional warriors who practiced Zen Buddhism
8
Q
Define Shogun
A
A general who ruled Japan, even tho the Emperor was technically above them they held most of the power and decision making
9
Q
Define a figurehead
A
A leader that appears to be in charge but the real power is within someone else
10
Q
define Bushido
A
“The way of the Warrior” or warrior code of behaviour
11
Q
define Kamikaze
A
The Shinto spirit wind that the Japanese believed destroyed the Mongol fleets
12
Q
define Feudalism
A
A system of protection where landowners and people are protected by skilled warriors in exchange for a small portion of land it is built on a system of hereditary classes
13
Q
Define archipelago
A
A group of Islands
14
Q
Define Isolation
A
To be apart from others- Japan was isolated from other countries due to geography
15
Q
Define PRince Shotoku
A
Prince who introduced many Chinese ideas such as language, religion and ways to govern JApan
16
Q
Heian Period definition
A
The golden age of Japan between the years 794-1185
17
Q
Define Ronin
A
Samurai warriors without masters
18
Q
Define a shogunate
A
Council of advisors or officials
19
Q
Define Seppuku
A
Ritual suicide
20
Q
Define filial piety
A
Faithfulness and devotion to ones parents
21
Q
DEfine isolated
A
Set apart or cut off- geographically, ecologically or culturally
22
Q
Define Ainu
A
Japans indigenous people
23
Q
Define Kamuy
A
Ainu gods of nature
24
Q
Define Stoic
A
Adj, person who can control his/her emotions and go through difficult experiences patiently
25
Define arable
Land that is suitable for farming
26
Define oligarchy
A form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people, distinguished by nobility, wealth, education, religious, political or military control
27
Define Ethnocentrism
A beleif that your ethnic group is better group is better than all other
28
Define Budisho
The code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese Samurai
29
Commodore Perry
Commodore of the USA navy who forced Japan to enter a trade with the USA which led to japan westernizing
30
Define Confucianism
A religion where people are taught that everyone had a proper place in society and if everyone accepted their duties Japan would live in peace
31
Define the Emperor
The emperor picked the Shogun and was the highest in the social class but didn't make any official decision
32
Whats the feudal system
It is a political and social system that keeps the country organized and in control. It has hereditary classes.
33
What Is a heterogeneous society
It has numerous population groups that have distinct and specific beliefs, understandings and values
34
What is a homogeneous society
It has similar kinds of people, especially where there are no significant ethnic differences
35
Define imperialism
A policy of extending a countrys power and influence
36
What industrialism
A social or economic system built on manufacturing indistrie
37
What is isolationism
A policy of remaining apart from others or other countries
38
What did outcasts do
Their main job was to slaughter animals and dispose of the carcasses and tan the carcasses.
39
What were outcasts called
Eta
40
Where did Outcasts live
They lived outside of towns and cities and weren't allowed to be in the city except for selling their wares.
41
Define seclusion
The state of being private and away from other people or things
42
Define Westernization
The adoption of the practices and culture by societies and countries in other parts of the world
43
Define worldview
Collection of attitudes, values, stories and expectations about the world around us which inform our every thought and action.
44
How did the physical geography of japan affect its worldview?
The mountainous terrain made it hard to farm. Natural disasters
45
What influence did Japan's neighbours have on the country?
China and Korea had an influence on Japan. They influence culture, objects, ideas, and skills. Japan also got Shinto and Confucianism from China and Korea.
46
Who encouraged influence from neighbouring countries?
Prince Shotoku
47
Define Sumptuous
Rich, expensive, lavish,
48
What were sumptuary laws?
Laws to protect the economy and natural resources
49
In what order did the time periods happen in japan?
Heian, Edo, Meiji
50
Why did japan go into isolation?
They feared losing control/power and losing the Japanese worldview
51
What were the rules of isolation in edo japan?
- No Japanese ships or people can travel abroad and return
- Westerners who teach Christianity or commit crimes are prisoned
- Trade is mostly done by dutch
52
Why were the Dutch allowed into japan? (Excluded from the laws)
The Japanese trusted the Dutch as they helped with stopping a rebellion
53
When were Europeans in Japan
1534-1600
54
How did Japan isolate itself
Japan closed itself off from all foreigners and stopped Japanese people from leaving
55
What were some effects of the isolation in Japan?
-Strict rules were introduced
-Lack of new tech.
-No travelling
-Economy went up
-No foreign influence
-couldn't pick your job or religion(lack of freedom)
-Strongunique culture
Population increase
-Rice to coin
56
How did the Shogun use the feudal system to maintain control of JApan?
The Shogun used his power to control Japan. He was just below the top of the social class so everyone had to obey and look up to him. It put strict rules in place that people had to follow.
57
Who was at the top of the social class?
Emperor
58
Who was at the bottom of the social class
Outcasts
59
From highest to lowest, what was the order of the social class in Japan?
Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Ronin, Peasant, Artisans, merchants, Outcasts
60
Japan became self-sufficient during the Edo period true or false
True
61
How did the economy change in Japan during the Edo period?
Japan only relied on its resources and learned how to live off of itself in a sustainable way. But they didn't have trade with foreigners and the citizens were overtaxed.
62
What was the local government called?
Han
63
What was a central higher level of government called?
Bakufu
64
What years were the edo period?
1603-1876
65
How did isolation affect japan politically?
The shogun was kept in power with strict rules. Domains/provinces were governed by the Daimyo with a Han. The higher level of government was controlled by Bakufu.
66
Why did the USA want to use JApanese ports?
They wanted to use them to repair and resupply their ships, and also wanted any prisoners returned home safely.
67
When and who came over to japan to ask the Japanese to open their ports?
Commodore Perry in 1853
68
Why did JApan agree to the treaty of Kanagawa?
Becasue the shogun feared the US navy and did not want foreign domination in JApan.
69
What did the treaty of Kanagawa state/ensure?
- It ended japans isolation
- Granted protection of US soldiers
- Ensured JApan would provide food, coal, and water to docked US ships
- Extraterritoriality-foreigners accused of crimes could be tried in courts of their own country, instead of being tried by the Japanese
70
What changes occurred economically in the Meiji period?
Factories were built and sold to wealthy families called Zabatsu. The government also developed banking and postal systems, railroads and improved ports. People started moving into the city.
71
Social negatives of the Meiji period?
Class distinctions still existed and women faced inequality
72
Social positives of the Meiji period?
Public education. Universities had western instructors that taught modern technology
73
How did the political change?
Emperor had full power with a constitution and a two-house legislature. Only one house was elected.
74
How did Japan change through adaptation in the Meiji period economically?
They became one of the richest countrie in Asia
75
How did Japan change through adaptation in the Meiji period socially
The class system was abolished and people could move around and choose their occupations
76
How did Japan change through adaptation in the Meiji period politically
They made a very strong military
77
Differences in politics in the Edo vs the Meiji period
-In the Edo period the shogun held power whereas in the Meiji period the Emperor held the power
78
Differences is the economy in the Edo and Meiji period
-In Edo, they focused on a self-sufficient economy whereas in Meiji Japan opened up for trade, made a military, etc.
-In edo the borders were close and Japan was in isolation whereas in the Meiji period Japan was more westernized and borders were opened
-
79
the social difference in Edo vs Meiji Japan
-In Edo, there were strict classes to follow but in Meiji, you could choose your occupation
80
What are some similarities between the edo period to the feudal system in Medieval Europe
They had a similar class system. They both had levels of where you belonged in feudilism
81
What happened to the Samurai as Japanese imperialism grew in the Meiji period
They were no longer the warriors and all men had to enter the military service
82
When did Japan and China fight over Korea? Who won?
1894. Japan quickly won with their new strong military and gained Taiwan, ports in china and made Korea a Japanese protectorate.
83
When did JApan fight Russia over Korea?
1905. Japan won and by 1910 Japan had complete control over Korea and parts of Manchuria
84
When did the attack of pearl harbour happen?
1941. Word war ll began.
85
What were merchants
They provided needed goods for the growing country of Japan. They helped japans banking industry and they carried out international trade.
86
What were artisans?
They lived in cities and towns and the BAkufu referred to them as townsmen. They created objects used for daily life, decorating homes and trading goods.
87
What were the farmers?
They provided food for Japan and made the rice that was used as a currency
88
Why was Japan able to industrialize and adapt to change so rapidly?
China and Europe were at war and Japan wanted to keep up with the westerners. They also wanted a treaty with the west
89
How did japan feel after the Shogun agreed to the treaty of Kanagawa?
Some felt the shogun was showing weakness in front of the foreigners by signing this treaty and some thought Japan needed to modernize to compete with the industrialized West.
90
How did the Daimyo and the Samurai react to the treaty of Kanagawa
In 1867 they led a rebellion that overthrew the shogun and restored the emperor to power.
91
Edo period in conclusion?
Japan maintained isolation and evolved into a united country. Its people were bound together by similar values and religious beliefs.
92
When was the Heian period?
794-1185
93
Why was the Heian period known as the golden age
Because of the further development of Chinese ideas in art, architecture, literature and rituals. This all led to a new Japanese culture.
94
Meiji period conclusion
Reconstruction of the country, it couldn't keep its doors locked forever, a new government was formed but it still had the same culture. Japan found a way to modernize but remain strong, stable and independent.
95
When di the Meiji period happen
1853-1910ish
