Japanese Grammar

Question 1

は WA (particle)

Answer 1

Indicates the preceding noun is the sentence’s TOPIC

Question 2

てす
Desu

Answer 2

• Is placed after the complement noun to indicate assertion
• ie “is”
• Shows politeness to the listener

Question 3

~じん ~jin (suffix)

Answer 3

Used to refer to someone of a specific country

Question 4

しゃ ありません Ja Arimasen

Answer 4

• Negative form of “Desu”
• ie “is not”

Question 5

~たし ~tachi (suffix)

Answer 5

Used to create plural pronouns of:
I > We
You > You plural

Question 6

~ら ~ra (suffix)

Answer 6

Used to create plural pronouns of:
He > They (male/mixed) - Kare > Karera
She > They (female) - Kanojo > Kanojora

Question 7

も MO (particle)

Answer 7

• Replaces WA after the topic noun
• Used if the noun is the same as in the previous sentence
• ie “also”, “too”

Alternative usage:
Used to absolutely negate the object of interrogative words:
The verb is used in negative form (~masen / ~masendeshita)
MO is placed directly after the interrogative word eg. Doko mo / Nani mo

Question 8

が GA (particle)

Answer 8

Used to Indicate the subject of a verb or adjective

Question 9

います
Imasu

Answer 9

Positive, used to describe the existence of moving subjects eg humans and animals

Question 10

あります
Arimasu

Answer 10

Positive, used to describe the existence of non moving subjects eg plants and objects

Question 11

いません
Imasen

Answer 11

Negative form of Imasu, describes no existence of moving subjects eg humans or animals

Question 12

ありまけん
Arimasen

Answer 12

Negative form of Arimasu, describes no existence of non moving subjects eg plants or objects

Question 13

の NO (particle)

Answer 13

Indicates possession

Question 14

This (pronoun, close to speaker)

Answer 14

これ
Kore

Question 15

That (pronoun, close to listener)

Answer 15

それ
Sore

Question 16

That (pronoun, far from speaker and listener)

Answer 16

あれ
Are

Question 17

か KA (particle)

Answer 17

Indicates interrogation, place at the end of the sentence to make into a question

Question 18

を O (particle)

Answer 18

Indicates the object of the verb, place between noun and verb

Question 19

と TO (particle)

Answer 19

Used between two nouns you are combining, ie “and”

Question 20

This (adjective, close to speaker)

Answer 20

この
Kono

Question 21

That (adjective, close to listener)

Answer 21

その
Sono

Question 22

That (adjective, far from speaker and listener)

Answer 22

あの
Ano

Question 23

Here (where speaker is)

Answer 23

ここ / こちら
Koko (casual) / Kochira (polite)

Question 24

There (where listener is)

Answer 24

そこ / そちら
Soko (casual) / Sochira (polite)

Question 25

Over There (far from speaker and listener)

Answer 25

あそこ / あちら
Asoko (casual) / Achira (polite)

Question 26

なん NAN

Answer 26

Used to ask the time, placed before the noun indicating time, literally means “how many”

Question 27

Verbs - Past form positive / negative,
Present / future form positive / negative
Use “to eat” as an example

Answer 27

Past form positive - tabe mashita
Past form negative - tabe masendeshita
Present / future form positive - tabe masu
Present / future form negative - tabe masen

Question 28

From - to (time/place)

Answer 28

から - まで
Kara - made

Question 29

~じかん Jikan (suffix)

Answer 29

Unit of hours eg さんじかん sanjikan - 3hours

Question 30

へ E (particle)

Answer 30

With verbs of movement, use after the noun of direction or place

Question 31

に NI (particle)

Answer 31

Used after the noun indicating time

Question 32

で
De

Answer 32

Particle, indicates the means / method of doing something

ie ‘by’, ‘by means of’