Japanese Quail Diseases/Welfare Concerns Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are methods for preventing disease transmission on eggs?
Fumigation of eggs or washing in a quaternary ammonium solution and water temperature of 43-49C.
What is the most frequently observed health condition in lab colonies of quail? How does the presentation differ from trauma?
Trauma from head pecking. Lesions from pecking are located toward the back of the head and the neck. Head injuries from bumping into the cage ceiling are located more towards the top of the head.
Are multi-male breeding groups recommended for quail? How can they be effective?
Generally no, due to aggressive pecking.
Can be effective if the male to female sex ratio is not too low, the enclosure is adequately sized, and there are structures where birds can hide.
At what ratio does fertility decrease?
Higher than 1:5.
What husbandry factors cause this condition?
Housing in solid bottom pens and fed a wheat-based (high gluten) diet. Feed mixes with fecal material and secretions from male foam gland.
What tumors are reported in aged male quail?
Sertoli cell tumors
What type of virus is Quail Bronchitis virus? What clinical symptoms does it cause?
Type I avian adenovirus.
Highly contagious with rapid morbidity and mortality. Decreased appetite, ruffled feathers, open-mouth breathing, rales, sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, and death. Older birds may be asymptomatic.
What age of birds is most severely affected by QBV?
Less than 6 weeks old.
What gross necropsy and histopathological findings are found with QBV?
Tracheal opacity, thickening of the trachea causing partial obstruction, and presence of mucosal exudate. Characterized by large basophilic intranuclear inclusions, necrotizing proliferative bronchitis, and hepatic, splenic, and cloacal bursa necrosis.
What type of virus is Newcastle disease?
Avian paramyxovirus I
What are the clinical signs of Newcastle? Gross lesions?
Subclinical to lethargy, ruffled feathers, dyspnea, torticollis, paralysis, and hemorrhagic diarrhea.
Tracheal hemorrhage, inflamed and hemorrhagic Peyer’s patches, pulmonary edema, hemorrhage of the proventriculus, and intestinal coagulation.
What type of virus is Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis?
Alphavirus, family Togaviridae
How is EEE transmitted? What are the clinical and gross findings?
Arthropod vectors, primarily mosquito Culisetta melanura. Feather picking and cannibalism.
Depression, tremor, paralysis, torticollis, and death. Duodenal catarrhal enteritis in a commercial colony.
What virus causes egg drop syndrome?
Duck Adenovirus A.
Not reported in the US.
How is Duck Adenovirus A transmitted?
Intermittently shed in feces. Vertically transmitted on external and internal surface of the egg.
What signs does Duck Adenovirus A cause?
Decreased egg production, decreased eggshell pigment, and production of thin or soft-shelled eggs.
Hydropericardium syndrome in a commercial flock was attributed to what agent?
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4.
What virus causes Marek’s disease?
A cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a lymphoproliferative disease
How is Marek’s disease transmitted?
Direct contact.
What are the clinical signs of Marek’s disease?
Mortality of 10-20%. Lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, soft feces, and lime-green urates.
Describe clinical signs of quail poxvirus.
Weight loss, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, blindness, crusty papules at the commissures of the beak and around the external nares, decreased egg production, and impaired fertility.
What type of virus is avian encephalomyelitis virus? How is it spread?
Picornaviridae
Spread via fecal-oral or vertical
What are clinical signs of avian encephalomyelitis virus?
Signs in 1-2 week old birds. Ataxia and tremors, especially of head and neck.
Decreased egg production, decreased hatchability, and increased embryo mortality in hens exposed as adults.
What are the necropsy and histologic findings of avian encephalomyelitis virus?
Whitish areas in the muscularis layer of the ventriculus as a result of infiltrating lymphocytes. Disseminated nonpurulent encephalomyelitis, gnaglionitis of the dorsal root ganglia, and hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in the proventriculus, ventriculus, and myocardium.
