Jekyll and Hyde

Question 1

Duality - key quotes

Answer 1

“about three o’clock of a black winter morning”
“all human beings, as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil”
“even as good shone upon the countenance of the one, evil was written broadly and plainly on the face of the other”
“i had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde”
“an air of invitation” vs “sinister block of building”
“a profound duplicity of life”
“duality of purpose”
“man is not truly one but truly two”

Question 2

Good and evil - key quotes

Answer 2

My devil had long been caged: he came out roaring
“I had now two characters as well as two appearances, one was wholly evil, and the other was still the old Henry Jekyll, that incongruous compound”

Question 3

Duality - man is not truly one, but truly two

Answer 3

• presents theme of duality in character of Jekyll as his inner sinister desires and his outward respectable persona are in conflict w each other, leading to his creation of Hyde
• stevenson is concerned about duality of human nature and society in general and considers idea that everyone is capable of good and evil deeds

Question 4

Appearance vs reality

Answer 4

An outward image that is very different from the truth

Question 5

Appearance vs Reality quotes

Answer 5

the fellow had a key
shady lawyers
“that citadel of medicine” vs “the dismal quarter of Soho”

Question 6

the fellow had a key analysis

Answer 6

shows the way Hyde is able to transcend balance between appearance and reality.
Doors become a metaphor of transition in the novel and the theme of transition is closely linked to that of aprreance and reality
door acts a barrier to prevent one’s true nature from being revealed

Question 7

shady lawyers analysis

Answer 7

oxymoron
ironic as they should be delivering justice but are in fact exploitative criminals themselves
Utterson defies this stereotype by being the moral compass of the novella

Question 8

form - theme of appearance and reality

Answer 8

overall form acts as an extended metaphor
chapter titles are relatively understated and do not provoke emotion in the reader where as their contents are composed of mystery and fear
juxtaposition further emphasises dual themes

Question 9

Secrecy and Reputation Topic sentences

Answer 9

Stevenson creates a suspicious atmosphere in which characters are forced to keep secrets out of fear of their reputation being ruined
By including secrecy as a key theme which is woven throughout the narrative, Stevenson is heightening tension

Question 10

Secrecy and reputation Key Quotes

Answer 10

“make his name stink from one end of London to the other”
“I feel very strongly about putting questions: it partakes too much of the style of the day of judgement. You start a question and its like starting a stone. You sit quietly on the top of a hill : and away the stone goes, starting others”

“the large handsome face of Dr Jekyll grew pale to the very lips and there came a blackness about his eyes. ‘I do not car to hear more,’ said he. ‘This is a matter I thought we had agreed to drop’”

“It turns me cold to think of this creature stealing like a thief to Harry’s bedside”

“I cannot say that I care what becomes of Hyde;I am quite done with him. I was thinking of my own character, which this hateful business has rather exposed”

“I wish you to judge for me entirely… I have lost confidence in myself”

Question 11

make his name stink from one end of London to the other

Answer 11

uses olfactory imagery in this metaphor to show how Jekylls reputation could be tarnished. As he was well known in society it is evident the whole of London would find out what he’d done

Question 12

“I feel very strongly about putting questions: it partakes too much of the style of the day of judgement. You start a question and its like starting a stone. You sit quietly on the top of a hill : and away the stone goes, starting others”

Answer 12

metaphor
presenting the idea that asking untoward questions leads to a cascading effect throughout society which causes all reputation to be destroyed

Question 13

“the large handsome face of Dr Jekyll grew pale to the very lips and there came a blackness about his eyes. ‘I do not car to hear more,’ said he. ‘This is a matter I thought we had agreed to drop’”

Answer 13

use of colour imagery and antithesis between “pale” and “darkness” highlights a damaging transformation as well as a need to keep it a secret

Question 14

“It turns me cold to think of this creature stealing like a thief to Harry’s bedside

Answer 14

metaphor “turns me cold “ shows severity of the implications of this accusation and animalistic connotations of “creature” further highlights the criminality of the act and the need to keep it a secret

Question 15

“I cannot say that I care what becomes of Hyde;I am quite done with him. I was thinking of my own character, which this hateful business has rather exposed”

Answer 15

JYKL attempts to disassociate himself from Hyde. Stevenson also heightens the reader’s curiosity here by ambiguously referring to “this hateful business”

Question 16

“I wish you to judge for me entirely… I have lost confidence in myself”

Answer 16

shows he no longer cares about retaining his reputation which would be uncharacteristic of a Victorian gentlemen

Question 17

Friendship Key Quotes

Answer 17

“even [Utterson’s] friendships seemed to be founded in a similar catholicity of good nature”
“Henry Jekyll became too fanciful for me”
“it is more than ten years since Henry Jekyll became too fanciful for me”

Question 18

“even [Utterson’s] friendships seemed to be founded in a similar catholicity of good nature”

Answer 18

verb founded evokes connotations of security, longevity and reliability.
religious connotations which add to the readers impression of Utterson’s morality, implying that he is a good person and therefore a good friend

Question 19

“Henry Jekyll became too fanciful”

Answer 19

use of temporal deixis “became” emphasises extent of their disagreement and suggests the distance grew between them over time.
fricatives in “fanciful” implies falsity. Stevenson may be implying Landon should be interpreted to be a false friend

Question 20

Duality Topic sentences

Answer 20

Stevenson presents the theme of duality primarily in the character of Jekyll as his inner sinister desires and his outward respectable persona are in conflict with each other, leading to his creation of Hyde

While Jekyll is presented as a respectable gentleman, Stevenson hints at his cunning, secretive and deceitful nature by the manner in which he is first described, further alluding to the dual aspect of his character.

Jekyll is not simply portrayed as a purely good character, which reinforces Stevenson’s idea that human nature itself is both complex and multifaceted

Throughout the novella, Jekyll finds himself living a double life and he is unable to reconcile the two sides of his character:
He wishes to be a respected doctor adhering to the highest moral standards. However, he also yearns to engage in malevolent acts

Duality is further revealed in the novella’s setting of London:
Stevenson presents the city of London with contrasting descriptions where affluent streets exist next to areas of degradation and poverty
The description of Jekyll’s house is also used to reveal a duality.
Stevenson presents the door at the front as having a “great air of wealth and comfort” leading to the reputable Jekyll; while the door at the back, which has an impression of “sordid negligence” leads to the repungant Hyde
The door is used as a metaphor for the inner struggles between their two identities:
Stevenson uses this to comment on the deceptive outward appearance of upper Victorian society

Stevenson also hints at the concept of duality in other characters:
Utterson is described as a man having “a rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile”, but also a man of “soundness of mind and ease of manner”
Stevenson hints that Enfield has all the exterior of a gentleman, though may also have sinister secrets of his own

Question 21

Theme of Duality - Stevenson’s intentions

Answer 21

Stevenson is concerned about the duality of human nature and society in general and considers the idea that everyone is capable of good and evil deeds

Stevenson may also have used the dualities in the novella to reflect a society rapidly moving from the past into a new modern world

Question 22

Good and Evil Topic Sentences

Answer 22

Jekyll is presented as a man with a reputation and a respected member of society representing good, while Hyde is depicted as a manifestation of evil:
In Jekyll’s view, “man is not truly one, but truly two” and while he is aware of his good side, he also acknowledges there is evil within him

Jekyll believes that it is the “curse of mankind” that good and evil are bound together within him and the two parts are in direct conflict with one another:
Stevenson aims to highlight this idea of an innate duality and the implications of giving in to one’s own evil side

Hyde’s sinister presence and actions are a constant reminder of the power of evil throughout the novella:
He invokes terror in other characters and again this may hint at the possibility of the inner evil and depraved nature that resides within each person

Stevenson depicts Hyde as an inherently violent character and he displays no remorse for his crimes:
Both of Hyde’s victims are presented as innocent and vulnerable which elicits sympathy from the reader and makes them horrified at the wickedness of Hyde’s actions

All of the characters who encounter Hyde are repulsed by the sense of evil that he exudes:
For example, Stevenson uses contrasting imagery to describe Carew and Hyde to highlight the difference between what we could infer is the “good” character of Carew and the “evil” character of Hyde:
The imagery associated with Carew is linked to lightness and innocence: for example, “an aged and beautiful gentleman with white hair” while Hyde is depicted as having an “ape-like fury”

Hyde is described in terms of animalistic imagery which strengthens as the novella develops: for example, “savage”, “snarled”, “ape-like fury” and “hardly human” all allude to his aggressive, predatory and primitive nature:
Stevenson’s deliberate use of animal imagery is used to suggest Hyde’s separateness from human society and his unrestricted nature

Stevenson associates Hyde with Christian ideas about Hell and Satan and Jekyll repeatedly refers to him as “my devil”

Further, Stevenson presents evil through Hyde’s manner and appearance but he deliberately chooses to make that evil to remain somewhat undefined:
This lack of a clear definition of evil in the novella makes it appear more pervasive and more terrifying

Question 23

Good and Evil - Stevenson’s intention

Answer 23

Stevenson presents good and evil as a constant duality throughout the novel and portrays it as a natural facet of the individual, which results in an ongoing battle between the two

Stevenson proposes that the inherent evil aspect of man is merely suppressed by society and he attempts to explore the consequences of attempting to separate one from the other

Question 24

Secrecy and Reputation Topic Sentences

Answer 24

Jekyll is depicted as a respectable, model gentleman: he is courteous, has a wide circle of acquaintances, is charitable and supports the Church:
Underneath this veneer of respectability, Jekyll retains his dark secret, for if exposed to society, it would result in his utter ruination

Stevenson also presents other characters who appear to retain secrets or fail to disclose information about their behaviour:
Lanyon refuses to tell Utterson as to why he had a disagreement with Jekyll; Enfield and Carew do not disclose why they are out walking the London streets late at night:
This heightens the sense of secrecy and suspicion within the novella, as characters withhold information in order to protect their reputation or the reputation of others

Ideas relating to secrecy are also revealed through descriptions and events within the narrative:
Stevenson continually references locked doors and windows, and letters with information that must not be read, which all heighten the sense of mystery of what is not being revealed to the reader:
In Chapter I, “The Story of the Door” Stevenson uses the door and lock to suggest how it can prevent the true nature of a person from being revealed
For example, “The door was very strong, the lock was excellent” underscores how deeply hidden and protected Jekyll’s secret appears to be that it cannot be easily penetrated

Question 25

Secrecy and Reputation - Stevensons intentions

Answer 25

Stevenson conveys how reputation is based merely on one’s appearance to society, rather than one’s actual conduct and this leads to ideas about hypocrisy Stevenson demonstrates the extent to which the characters place reputation and respectability above responsibility

Question 26

Science and Religion Topic sentences

Answer 26

Stevenson uses fear of the unknown to create anxiety and terror in the novella: Victorian concerns about the progress of science makes Jekyll’s experiment even more terrifying as they would have feared his experiment might have been possible Lanyon is presented as conservative and traditional in his approach to science: Stevenson positions Lanyon as the only character to witness Jekyll’s transformation, as his belief in the laws of science does not enable him to comprehend what he has witnessed: for example, he states “My life is shaken to its roots" Lanyon’s shock at Jekyll’s experiment is so great that it leads to his own physical and mental deterioration and subsequent death Stevenson presents Utterson as a highly moral and devout Christian and he is depicted as a model Victorian gentleman: He is described as being “austere with himself” and that he restricts his pleasures: for example, he enjoys attending the theatre though had not frequented one for twenty years, due to their somewhat poor reputation

Question 27

Mr Utterson

Answer 27

respectable lawyer symbolises honesty moral compass of the novella

Question 28

Dr Jekyll

Answer 28

seemingly reputable doctor symbolises repression as well as insatiable curiosity

Question 29

Mr Hyde

Answer 29

Dr Jekyll’s evil doppelgänger symbolises man’s basal instincts

Question 30

Dr Lanyon

Answer 30

well-respected member of scientific community symbolises reputability foil to Dr Jekyll

Question 31

Poole

Answer 31

Dr Jekyll’s butler symbolises loyalty

Question 32

Sir Danvers Carew

Answer 32

Mp and member of high society his death symbolises Hyde’s disregard for conventional authority

Question 33

Mr Enfield

Answer 33

Mr Utterson’s cousin key to the theme of repression and silence

Question 34

“the street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood”

Answer 34

theme of duality links to the interpretation of the novella as a metaphor for the division seen in Stevenson’s contemporary Edinburgh sibilance used in “street shone” implies the presence of this duality poses as an underlying threat

Question 35

“some damned juggernaut”

Answer 35

satanic connotations of “damned” are juxtaposed against the omnipotent connotations of “juggernaut” implies Hyde is unrestricted by conventional ideas of religious morality

Question 36

“something displeasing, something downright detestable”

Answer 36

repetition of something implies Hyde is more a thing than a being repeated harsh “d” introduce Hyde as a force of evil

Question 37

“strong feeling of deformity”

Answer 37

ambiguity created by “feeling” establishes an impression of uncertainty surrounding Hyde.

Question 38

“Henry Jekyll, M.D., D.C.L, L.L.D., F.R.S., etc”

Answer 38

by giving all of Jekyll’s qualifications, his high rank and respectability are shown can be aligned w conventional expectations of the Victorian gentlemen

Question 39

“Cavendish square, that citadel of medicine”

Answer 39

Lanyon presented as a reliable source through Stevenson’s description of him. This contrasts w Jekyll living closer to the less reputable part of London (“tramps slouched into the recess”)

Question 40

“unscientific balderdash”

Answer 40

As Jekyll and Hyde was written in 1885 and Darwin’s theory of evolution was published in 1859, people’s scientific views were a controversial issue. So despite Utterson’s dismissal of their arguments as a “little spirit of temper”, a contemporary reader would be aware of the significance of Lanyon’s distaste towards Jekyll

Question 41

“ape-like fury”

Answer 41

simile has animalistic connotations and also alludes to Darwin’s work

Question 42

this will make a deal of noise

Answer 42

metaphorical languages shows Hyde had disregarded Carew’s high status in his act of violence shows Victorian society’s preoccupation with rank

Question 43

“he had his death warrant written legibly upon his face”

Answer 43

fatalistic connotations create an impression of foreboding, metaphor which fulfils gothic convention

Question 44

“Utterson could not trust his eyes”

Answer 44

idea of characters being betrayed by their senses is a typical gothic trope and adds to the mysteriousness of the scene significant that Utterson experiences this as he previously represented rationality

Question 45

“a dismal screech, as of mere animal terror, rang from the cabinet”

Answer 45

auditory imagery of “screech” connotes owl, an animal commonly featured in gothic literature “mere animal terror” reduces both Jekyll and Hyde to a creature of instinct, leaving this as their legacy

Question 46

“the body of a man sorely contorted and still twitching”

Answer 46

harsh consonants in “contorted” as well as the use of the continuous verb “twitching” shows his discomfort in death and sit uncomfortably with reader

Question 47

“like a man restored from death - there stood Henry Jekyll”

Answer 47

religious connotations of resurrection contrast with previous sciences which emphasises the amoral content of the novel key feature of fin de siècle

Question 48

“my souls sickened”

Answer 48

alliterative sibilance shows horrific consequence of Jekyll’s revelation to Lanyon

Question 49

“compound man’s dual nature”

Answer 49

theme of repression shows Jekyll’s awareness of the duality present in human nature

Question 50

“Edward Hyde, alone in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil”

Answer 50

Hyde is the embodiment of all of the evil in Jekyll’s character “alone in the ranks of mankind” links to theme of isolation & suggests Jekyll felt isolated in his role as stereotypical Victorian Gentlemen

Question 51

Context - religious allusion

Answer 51

majority of the population would have been religious so by referencing the Bible, Stevenson is using a universally recognised system of symbolism.

Question 52

Examples of biblical and religious allusion

Answer 52

“really like satan” “that human Juggernaut” - likens him to powerful Hindu God “if ever I read Satan’s signature upon a face, it is on that of your new friend” “I incline to Cain’s heresy”

Question 53

“I incline to Cain’s heresy”

Answer 53

Biblical story of Cain and Abel in which Cain murders his brother Abel. Some believe he is the origin of good and evil The comparison between the two brothers is symbolic of duality found within Jekyll and Hyde

Question 54

Transmorphism

Answer 54

Bible implies only Christ has the power to perform change in society, and that transformation should have residual positive effect Jekyll disregards this when he changes without Christ’s input and secondly when he utilises the ability to trans morph for destructions

Question 55

Impact of religion on characters

Answer 55

Utterson’s schedule is set according to the ring of the church bells which implies significance of religion over his life

Question 56

Novel’s reception by religious communities

Answer 56

A sermon in St Paul’s used text as it was seen as concerning the essential tale of Good vs Evil Likened to writings of Apostle Paul as it concerned the “two-fold nature of man

Question 57

Darwinism

Answer 57

theory evolution occurs by natural selection fear of this scientific development going against religion and creation story Stevenson plays on fears of degeneration or devolution by giving Hyde ape-like and cavemen esque features Hyde labelled as “troglodyte”

Question 58

“troglodyte”

Answer 58

comment on the theories of evolution he is regression to the primitive and violent stage of development

Question 59

Freud’s structural theory of the mind

Answer 59

The id is primitive, instinctual part of the psyche which contains hidden sexual and aggressive desires The superego is individual’s moral conscience The ego represents outward version of a person and is often a balance between the id and superego

Question 60

Impact of Freud;s structural theory of the mind

Answer 60

Hyde is representative of an individual controlled wholly by the id whereas Dr Jekyll could be viewed as a character symbolising the ego Stevenson included information relevant to readers at the time as Freud’s work had become very popular

Question 61

Lombroso’s theory of atavism

Answer 61

presents idea some people are “born criminal” studied criminals and found that many shared physical characteristics concluded they were more primitive in an evolutionary sense than other people Hyde had some atavistic traits

Question 62

“pale and dwarfish”

Answer 62

shows Hyde’s atavistic traits

Question 63

Dr Jekyll - key quotes

Answer 63

“i concealed my pleasures” “my devil had long been caged, he came out roaring” He was conscious of his “more furious propensity to ill” “the hand that lay on my knee was corded and hairy” “i felt younger, lighter, happier in body” An overdose might “blot out that immaterial tabernacle which I looked to change” “man is not truly one but truly two” “I was driven to reflect deeply and inveterately on that hard law of life which lies at the root of religion” “I was no more myself when I laid aside restraint and plunged in shame “ “Man is not truly one but two” “Doom and burthen of our life” “had I approached my discovery in a more noble spirit, had I risked the experiment while under the empire of generous or pious aspirations”

Question 64

“i concealed my pleasures”

Answer 64

He suppressed his sinful side in order to gain social respect and withholding his “position in the world”. Jekyll explains how a pressure to keep his indulgence hidden with contemporary society has led to the creation of Hyde

Question 65

“My devil had long been caged, he came out roaring … a more furious propensity to ill”

Answer 65

Jekyll’s inner “devil” is a manifestation of his deeper desires connotations of “devil” also suggest that Jekyll’s desires are in direct opposition to contemporary Christian ideology notion of “devil” through religious allusion denotes stark contrast with Christian Ideas of morality roaring has connotations of an animalistic, uncontrolled, agitated and deadly expression of his repressed elements in Hyde “propensity to ill” indicates deeper, more natural tendency and inclination to morality.

Question 66

He was conscious of his “more furious propensity to ill”

Answer 66

implies a now natural inclination towards immorality

Question 67

the hand that lay on my knee was corded and hairy

Answer 67

the hand, a symbol of respectability and honour, is invaded by free-flowing hair insinuating ideas of an unrestrained and uncontrolled freedom

Question 68

I felt younger, lighter, happier in body

Answer 68

Stevenson uses triadic structure to show how burdensome the restraints of society are on Jekyll : without them, he, or more specifically Hyde, is able to indulge freely tricolon structure shows Jekyll’s delight. This links to his moral obligations, which are worn away by his chemical mixture as he is no longer constrained by the maintenance of reputation when in a different body

Question 69

“shook the very fortress of identity … blot out that immaterial tabernacle which I looked to change “

Answer 69

lexis from the semantic field of religion so shows that in Jekyll’s experiments he is encroaching on God’s territory

Question 70

I was driven to reflect deeply and inveterately on that hard law of life which lies at the root of religion

Answer 70

Alliteration used and refers to common concept of guilt, conscience and sin Jekyll attempts to isolate the moral and immoral to undercut the “root of religion”

Question 71

Hyde - key quotes

Answer 71

“strong feeling of deformity” “ape-like” “incredibly mangled” “shrank back with hissing intake of breath” “seizing, surprising and revolting” “savage laugh” “damned juggernaut” “ a man who was without bowels of mercy” “ so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running” “his every act and thought centred on self” “ drinking pleasure with bestial avidity” “ murderous mixture of timidity and boldness” “He is not easy to describe … something displeasing, something downright detestable” “snarled aloud into a savage laugh … extraordinary quickness” “there was something abnormal and misbegotten” “masked thing like a monkey jumped from among the chemicals” “in the ranks of mankind was pure evil” “it wasn’t like a man”

Question 72

strong feeling of deformity

Answer 72

through physiognomy, his appearance would convict him as a criminal Atavism

Question 73

Damned Juggernaut

Answer 73

hugely overwhelming destructive force religious connotations of damned - predestined to hell

Question 74

a man who was without bowels of mercy

Answer 74

alliterative “w” shows how difficult it is to articulate Hyde as a character as he is a being who lacks all conventional morals

Question 75

so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running

Answer 75

physical manifestation of evil who evokes disgust in all simply by sight

Question 76

his every act and thought centred on self

Answer 76

selfish so this further aligns him with animals rather than humanity

Question 77

drinking pleasure with bestial avidity

Answer 77

hedonistic connotations of excessive drinking further cause the reader to dislike Hyde for his self-indulgence

Question 78

murderous mixture of timidity and boldness

Answer 78

stevenson’s use of antithesis highlights the internal conflict present in him, providing depth to his character use of alliteration could imply that violence is an intrinsic behaviour

Question 79

He is not easy to describe … something displeasing, something downright detestable”

Answer 79

Hyde is vague in nature and unable to be defined in words evokes fear in other characters and the reader use of ambiguity forces the reader to project their worst fears in Hyde alliterative “d” reinforces a sense of repulsion; anaphoric repetition of “something” creates an air of intangibility

Question 80

snarled aloud into a savage laugh … extraordinary quickness

Answer 80

sense of unrestrained and uncontrollable destruction and freedom hyde is a degenerate sibilance reinforces his underlying sinisterness “extraordinary quickness” highlights Hyde’s supernatural force

Question 81

there was something abnormal and misbegotten in the very essence of the creature

Answer 81

differentiates Hyde from all other beings “very essence”, Stevenson is commenting on the true evil personality of Mr Hyde could imply that Mr Hyde is the true essence of Dr Jekyll

Question 82

In the ranks of mankind was pure evil

Answer 82

implies that Hyde has somehow infiltrated civil society

Question 83

Utterson - Key Quotes

Answer 83

“a rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile” “If he be Mr Hyde … I shall be Mr Seek” “last good influence in the lives of down-going men” “professional honour and faith to his dead friend were stringent obligations” “besieged by questions” “Hyde sat heavy on his memory”

Question 84

a rugged countenance that was never lighted by a smile

Answer 84

reserved and seemingly unaffected by emotion

Question 85

if he be Mr Hyde … I shall be Mr Seek

Answer 85

shows innate curiosity which propels the plot forward emphasises the theme of opposites and duality

Question 86

last good influence in the lives of down-going men

Answer 86

man of significant morals as he is the last role models for criminals

Question 87

professional honour and faith to his dead friend were stringent obligations

Answer 87

values friendship over curiosity makes utterson an even more reliable narrator

Question 88

Enfield - Key quotes

Answer 88

“I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning “ “i make it a rule of mine : the more it looks like Queer street, the less I ask” “I am ashamed of my long tongue”

Question 89

I was coming home from some place at the end of the world, about three o’clock of a black winter morning

Answer 89

shows that he may not be as morally strict as he presents links to the theme of duality suggests he’s engaged in some dubious behaviour which contrasts with his reputable portrayal heightens air of mystery surrounding the novella and the plot

Question 90

I make it a rule of mine : the more it looks like Queeer Street , the less I ask

Answer 90

shows that if Utterson did not defy societal expectations by investigating, Jekyll would have been totally isolated Enfield acts as a foil to Utterson here

Question 91

Lanyon - Key quotes

Answer 91

“Jekyll became too fanciful for me “ “conscious at his touch of a certain icy pang along my blood”

Question 92

jekyll became too fanciful for me

Answer 92

traditional and remains rooted in traditional science, highlighting the absurdities in Jekyll’s experimentation foil to Jekyll Fricatives create harsh tone in his rejection of Jekyll

Question 93

conscious at his touch of a certain icy pang along my blood

Answer 93

even Lanyon who symbolises rationality is shaken by his encounter with Hyde

Question 94

Sir Carew - Key Quotes

Answer 94

“an aged and beautiful gentlemen with white hair” “such an innocent and wild-world kindness” “with the air of one very much surprised and a trifle hurt” “London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity and rendered all the more notable by the high position of the victim”

Question 95

“an aged and beautiful gentlemen with white hair”

Answer 95

white hair is a symbol of age, distinguishment, and perhaps purity perpetuates Carew’s presentation as a victim in the plot and the description of Carew is feminised, adding to the view that females are hopeless in the novella provides angelic connotations and emphasises his vulnerability

Question 96

“such an innocent and wild-world kindness”

Answer 96

emphasises Carew’s vulnerability, heightening the magnitude and effect of the violence committed by Hyde against him

Question 97

“with the air of one very much surprised and a trifle hurt”

Answer 97

increases tension surrounding his death, as this leads the reader to assume he was unaware of who Hyde was or why he was trying to hurt him reinforces idea that Carew serves as more of a plot device rather than a three-dimensional character

Question 98

London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity and rendered all the more notable by the high position of the victim”

Answer 98

Carew is being portrayed as a victim which heightens tension and works to the mystery/thriller genre of the novella animalistic connotations of “ferocity” place Carew in the role of prey and Hyde as predator

Question 99

“all human beings, as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil”

Answer 99

Dr Jekyll is being reflective on his experiment and condemning the existence of Hyde ad inhuman

Question 100

“even as good shone upon the countenance of the one, evil was written broadly and plainly on the face of the other”

Answer 100

duality of human nature cannot be isolated two elements are in delicate equilibrium, disrupting this equilibrium has terrible consequences

Question 101

“i had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde”

Answer 101

awakened shows a deeper association between the two and implies a fluidity between either state

Question 102

”an air of invitation” vs “sinister block of building”

Answer 102

duality of the city explored here

Question 103

“a profound duplicity of life”

Answer 103

self-aware here of his true nature

Question 104

“duality of purpose”

Answer 104

Jekyll is divided between his duties as an upstanding member of society and his basal instincts pressure is heightened as he is a member of the upper class so is held to higher standards

Question 105

man is not truly one but truly two

Answer 105

significance of the phrase is reinforced by the use of repetition and harsh constants syntactic parallelism emphasise the view that man cannot be pure as he is constantly in equilibrium between good and evi;

Question 106

Repression - key quotes

Answer 106

“cold, scanty and embarrassed” “concealed [his] pleasures” “storm of blows”

Question 107

cold, scanty and embarrassed”

Answer 107

traits of a repressed character, he channels his passions into his investigation and profession

Question 108

Science - Key Quotes

Answer 108

“the old dissecting room “ “began, in proportion as the crystals melted, to brighten in colour” “unscientific balderdash”

Question 109

“the old dissecting room “

Answer 109

links with immortality and Jekyll’s experimentation on the human body and mind

Question 110

“began, in proportion as the crystals melted, to brighten in colour”

Answer 110

illogical word order shows Jekyll’s irrationality, which is juxtaposed with the traditional rationality of science, and this syntactic manipulation suggests that Jekyll is out of place in the scientific community

Question 111

“unscientific balderdash”

Answer 111

highlights difference in scientific study and research that Lanyon and Jekyll undertakes Lanyon focuses on the material realm, and so is able to balance his experiments with his religious beliefs Jekyll focuses on metaphysical science shown by the sibilance in “unscientific”

Question 112

“that citadel of medicine” vs “the dismal quarter of Soho”

Answer 112

an area is able to present itself as being reputable however, it is never far than an area where criminality is rife

Question 113

Violence - key quotes

Answer 113

“the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground” “he broke out in a great flame of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on like a madman”

Question 114

“the man trampled calmly over the child’s body and left her screaming on the ground”

Answer 114

her young age makes the attack more brutal however, the unembellished language used could imply that this is more a disregard four human life than a deliberate act of malice

Question 115

“he broke out in a great flame of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on like a madman”

Answer 115

metaphor “flame of anger” shows. Hyde’s volatility as well as relating to the semantic field of violence ordered series of clauses which depict his behaviour contrast with the violent and irrational nature of it

Question 116

If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also

Answer 116

Sin has a dual nature : reward and punishment novella acts as a cautionary tale, showing how the rewards do not outweigh the punishment of acting sinfully

Question 117

religion - key quotes

Answer 117

“if ever I read Satan’s signature upon a face, it is on that your new friend” “i incline to Cain’s heresy” Jekyll refers to the “law of life”

Question 118

Dr Jekyll - Religion

Answer 118

turbulent relationship with religion “had fallen upon his knees and lifted his clasped hands to God” - he only turns to God for redemption after realising his mistakes

Question 119

Dr Jekyll - Freud’s structural theory of the mind

Answer 119

can be viewed as symbolising the ego - a balance between man’s basal instincts

Question 120

Dr Jekyll - Marxism and

Answer 120

Dr Jekyll is a member of the bourgeoisie an by extension Hyde could also be considered a member, violent actions that take place due to Hyde could be shown as Stevenson’s commentary on the behaviour of those with high status in society violent trampling of the girl could be Stevenson commenting on the bourgeoisie behaviour towards the lower class

Question 121

Jekyll as inventive

Answer 121

highly intelligent with a curious mind symbolises the encroachment of science on religious thought

Question 122

“all intelligent, reputable men and all judges of good wine”

Answer 122

Jekyll is sociable, well respected and well liked : behaving in a socially acceptable way

Question 123

Hyde : Repression.

Answer 123

Mr Hyde’s name is an aptronym because he depicts elements of typically masculine behaviour that men in the Victorian era were expected to conceal and hide.

Question 124

Jekyll and Hyde’s relationship

Answer 124

power and imbalance and increasing control Hyde has over Jekyll appears to propel the narrative of the novel forward. As plot progresses, boundary between them becomes increasingly fluid and uncontrollable. Almost as if two is becoming one again

Question 125

I had now two characters as well as two appearances, one was wholly evil, and the other was still the old Henry Jekyll, that incongruous compound

Answer 125

Jekyll explains that Hyde was pure evil, but Jekyll was still a mix of both evil and good. He had not been successful in creating a wholly good person

Question 126

I was no more myself when I laid aside restraint and plunges in shame

Answer 126

Shows Dr Jekyll has failed in splitting the good and bad - rather he has enabled the evil to thrive and to subsume his underlying purity and innocence ; he can no longer return to society

Question 127

doom and burthen of our life

Answer 127

relates to attempting to balance good and evil ; when one tries to isolate and exploit the individual aspects of good and evil, they unite with greater force

Question 128

“had I approached my discovery in a more noble spirit, had I risked the experiment while under the empire of generous or pious aspirations”

Answer 128

“noble spirit” and “empire of generous or pious aspirations” highlight notion of Jekyll being accordance with scientific or moral protocol. Inverse iconic word order is used in “death and birth”, highlighting the fact that Jekyll’s desire to isolate moral and immoral goes above and beyond the restrictions of generations

Question 129

besieged by questions

Answer 129

warlike imagery sows the extent of Utterson’s curiosity

Question 130

hyde sat heavy on his memory

Answer 130

alliteration -show the physical impact of Utterson’s insatiable curiosity in this metaphor

Question 131

storm of blows

Answer 131

metaphor highlights intensely violent murder of Carew, implying thy Hyde is concentrated form of Jekyll’s repressed activities and characteristics

Question 132

it is more than ten years since Henry Jekyll became too fanciful for me

Answer 132

stevenson use of temporal deixis suggests the distance between them over time. fricatives in “fanciful” allude to Lanyon’s falsity as a friend. whilst Lanyon is preoccupied with Jekyll’s wrong doing.

Question 133

How is Macbeth first presented ?

Answer 133

noble warrior and loyal thane

Question 134

first three prophecies from the witches

Answer 134

Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor Macbeth will become king Banquo’s descendants will become kin’s

Question 135

second three prophecies from the witches

Answer 135

Beware Macduff “No man of woman” can kill him He won’t be defeated unless Birnam Wood

Question 136

Ambition and Power

Answer 136

Macbeth is the play’s tragic hero & hamartia is ambition In Ancient greek tragedies, tragic hero will be punished by the gods for their actions however shakespeare decides to punish him but in a Christian context Lady Macbeth presented as ambitious but her punishment is equally severe but far less noble

Question 137

Ambition and Power - Shakespeare’s intention

Answer 137

presenting a morality play to his Jacobean audience : message - allow yourself to be morally corrupted & act against societal norms and you will suffer the consequences

Question 138

Kingship and the Divine Right of Kings

Answer 138

Jacobean audience would have believed in the Divine Right of Kings : that kings derived their authority from God and therefore could not be challenged Macbeth’s treasons are an act of regicide was an act against God Christian audience would have thought regicide as a mortal sin. Means dying without that grace of God and being condemned to Hell, terrifying for a Jacobean In the play, Duncan is referred to as a “king”, but Macbeth is frequently called a tyrant Kings were seen to bring harmony to their kingdom - in line with God’s plan - but tyrants bring only chaos and disorder

Question 139

Kingship and Divine Right of Kings - Shakespeare’s intentions

Answer 139

can be seen upholding these contemporary views about kingship may also be suggesting that those unaccustomed and undeserving of power will be destroyed by it shakespeare is suggesting that kings are legitimate rulers but tyrants are not