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Clin Path Test Three > Jen's "to know" > Flashcards

Jen's "to know" Flashcards

(112 cards)

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1
Q

Decreased alb, decreased glob, decreased antithrombin

A

Protein losing enteropathy

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2
Q
A

MAP Struvite

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3
Q

T/F hypoalbuminemia can be due to diet

A

TRUE- intake vs need

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4
Q

What casts are never normal

A

Epithelial cellular casts

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5
Q

Fanconi- glucose findings

A

Glucosuria but not hyperglycemia

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6
Q

When are fatty casts seen

A

cats, schnauzers, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, any hyperlipidemic animal

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7
Q
A

Ammonium biurate

Golden to brown spheres with irregular protrusions

Rare normal in dalmation, bulldogs

Liver failure, sago palm

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8
Q

When are hemoglobin casts seen

A

Hemoglobinemia and intravascular hemolysis

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9
Q

Protein plasma concentration -age

A

Neonates low albumin, low globulin until colostrum

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10
Q
A

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

ethylene glycol poisoning

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11
Q
A

Caudate epithlium

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12
Q

When is the ability to concentrate urine lost

A

66% nephron function loss

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13
Q

Polyclonal gammopathy

A

Wide, blunted SPE peak; likely infection or antigenic stimulation

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14
Q
A

pseudo casts

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15
Q
A

Squamous epithelium

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16
Q
A

NMB fungal aspergillosis

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17
Q

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate - cause

A

Eating plants, can be normal (di- two lines crossing)

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18
Q
A

Transitional epithelium

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19
Q

Effect of rapid fluid replacement after hemorrhage

A

hypoproteinemia and anemia

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20
Q
A

Epithelial (cellular) casts

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21
Q
A

lipid droplet

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22
Q

What type of APP - albumin

A

Negative

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23
Q
A

Wazy cast

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24
Q
A

Fatty cats (normal in cats, animal with hyperlipidemia

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25
What casts are normal to see in low numbers
Granular and hyaline
26
WHen is ability to clear nitrogenous waste lost
75% nephron function loss- azotemia
27
Amorphous urates Brown small spheroids in acidic (remember amorphous phosphates in alkaline, colorless)
28
MAP Struvite
29
RBCs
30
Unstained bacteria
31
Renal tubular epithelium - rectangular, lipid vacuoles in cat
32
3 causes of heme reaction on dipstick
Hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, hematuria
33
Fungal aspergillosis Branching hyphae
34
WBC
35
Estimate fibrinogen
TP before and after heating- difference
36
Squamous epithelium
37
Calcium oxalate dihydrate Plants!
38
How do granular casts progress
Coarse to fine to waxy
39
Rods
40
What crystals can form sitting at room temp
Amorphous urate and calcium oxalate
41
Capillaria plica Parasite, cat hematuria, fenbendazole
42
What causes lipid turbidity
Not fasted sample
43
Monoclonal gammopathy
Sharp, narrow SPE peak, likely neoplasia
44
Calcium carbonate dumbells/radiant spheres Alkaline Abnormal not to have in horse, guine pig, rabbit, elephant
45
Granular cast
46
Sulfa crystals Haystack bundles or radiant spheres
47
What are pseudo casts and what characterizes them
Mucus threads, walls not parallel
48
RBC
49
APP and inflammation- mechanism
Increased synthesis in response to cytokines- fibrinogen
50
Struvite vs CaOxMono (CAM)
CAM in acidic, not 3D, no line; Struvites with line, coffin lid, alkaline
51
Plasma result of dehydration
Hyperproteinemia, erythrocytosis
52
Squamous epithelial
53
Decreased alb, decreased antithrombin, normal globulin
Protein losing nephropathy
54
Describe hyaline casts
Protein net of tubule
55
NMB Epithelial cellular casts
56
WBC
57
Calcium oxalate monohydrate Ethylene glycol
58
Budding yeast- candida spp. On systemic Abx
59
Conditions causing amorphous phosphates
Normal! Alkaline urine
60
Neutral urine crystals (4)
Ammonium urate, calcium oxalate, cysteine, struvite (MAP)
61
What type of APP - fibrinogen
Positive
62
What do casts indicate
Early renal disease
63
Bilirubin crystals needle like orange-red-brown ALWAYS significant in cats Liver disease, extravascular hemolysis
64
Acidic urine crystals (8)
Ammonium urate, amorphous urates, bilirubin, calcium oxalate, cystine, sulfa, uric acid
65
Hemoglobin casts
66
Main sign of hypercalcemia and why
PUPD due to renal tubule refractory to ADH
67
pseudo cast
68
Bilirubin build up- areas
blood then urine then tissue (bilirubin-emia, uria, icterus)
69
Amorphous phosphate Colorless small spheroids Alkaline
70
Increased serum calcium- ddx
T-cell lymphoma or anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma
71
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate - cause
Ethylene glycol poisoning, 3-18 hours post ingestion
72
Granular- fine- waxy epithelial cellular casts
73
Exception to urine concentration before azotemia
Cats
74
Granular cast colored with bilirubin
75
Waxy casts
76
Cysteine crystals Look for a urolith!
77
NMB stained WBC
78
Alkaline urine crystals (3)
Amorphous phosphate, calcium carbonate, struvite (MAP)
79
When are epithelial cellular casts seen
Pyelonephritis, nephritis, acute renal damage, aminoglycoside Abx
80
Increased fibrinogen =
Inflammation
81
MDB
Minimum data base- UA, Chem, CBC
82
Describe fanconi syndrome
Kidneys not reabsorbing amino acids and glucose- peeing them out
83
ID- renal tubular epithelial cells vs RBCs
RTEs have lipid, vary in shape, not in same plane, green tint
84
NMB budding yeast
85
Hyaline cast- Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein precipitates
86
What is an early indicator of primary renal disease and how is it diagnosed
PU/PD, dx by low USG
87
Which cause of PUPD is not fixable
primary nephrogenic d. insipidus
88
What causes anemia in CRF
Decreased EPO production
89
Cause of hyposthenuric urine
Central d. insip. or ADH blockage
90
Define azotemia
Always elevated BUN +/- Creat
91
Effect of muscle wasting in cats with CRF
Increased creatinine from wasting not being excreted by kidneys
92
Define uremia
Azotemia + clinical signs
93
What species has high calcium in renal disease
Horses! Might see in cats/dogs if hypovolemic
94
Effect (and source) of high calcium in dogs/cats
Rare (10-20%) usually from hypovolemia, makes distal tubules refractory to ADH
95
What causes ARF
Toxin or ischemic damage to kidney
96
What else should be seen to diagnose liver failure along with decreased BUN
Decreased alb and gluc, +/- prolonged PT/PTT
97
Diagnose uroabdomen
Abd fluid 2x serum creatinine
98
Two types of metabolic acidosis
loss of bicarb when kidney conserving Cl or build up of acid
99
Describe capillaria plica
Bladder parasite, offset operculi, rough capsule
100
Describe whipworm
Smooth, even operculation
101
What type of cancer is 90% of bladder tumors
Transitional cell carcinoma
102
What do WBC casts indicate
Pyelonephritis
103
Cats with renal failure- Ca and Phos- elevated or decreaed
Both high
104
What does leukmoid response indicate
50,000 leukocytes/mcL - indicated acute inflammation
105
What is an inflammatory leukogram
\>= 300 bands/mcL
106
What causes a physiologic leukogram
Stress (but not a stress leukogram) due to vasoconstriction and splenic contraction - mature neutrophilia with lymphocytosis
107
Mature neutrophilia with lymphopenia, eosinopenia, monocytosis
Stress leukogram
108
Polychromatophils =
Reticulocytes = dx -Regenerative anemia
109
What is the only salient feature of a stress leukogram
Lymphopenia, because underlying stress leukogram can be present
110
Mature neutrophils with lymphocytosis (20k)
physiologic leukogram
111
What characterizes a stress leukogram
Mature neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, monocytosis
112

Clin Path Test Three (2 decks)

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