Jesse's Part ( Exam 1) pg. 32-44

Question 1

what is an example of an irritating agent to smell that does not require olfaction for our bodies to sense it. and shouldn’t be used on a cranial nerve 1 exam?

Answer 1

ammonia

Question 2

what order neurons of cranial nerve 1 are true olfactory nerves?

Answer 2

second order

Question 3

a complete loss of smell

Answer 3

anosmia

Question 4

perversion , hallucination, or diminution of smell is more likely associated with what type of lesion?

Answer 4

cortical

Question 5

lesions of the gyrus of the anterior temporal lobe may cause hallucinations of smell associated with strong feelings of deja vu and are termed *** fits or seizures

Answer 5

Uncinate gyrus

Question 6

a decreased sense of smell

Answer 6

hyposmia

Question 7

an increased sense of smell

Answer 7

hyperosmia

Question 8

a perversion of smell

Answer 8

parosmia

Question 9

abnormally disagreeable smell

Answer 9

cacosmia

Question 10

is cranial nerve 1 a true nerve

Answer 10

no it is a fiber tract of the brain

Question 11

what order neuron of CNI
unmyelinated processes of the ciliated receptors in the upper part of the nasal mucosa gathered in about 20 branches which pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to the olfactory bulb

Answer 11

primary neurons

Question 12

what order neuron of cranial nerve I
myelinated processes of the bipolar cells of the bulb form the olfactory tract and terminate in the primary olfactory cortex( periamygdaloid area and prepiriform cortex)

Answer 12

Secondary neurons.. second order

Question 13

what order neurons of cranial nerve 1
neurons extend from the primary olfactory cortex to the entorhinal cortex Area 28, lateral preoptic area, amygdaloid body, and medial forebrain bundle

Answer 13

tertiary neurons

Question 14

is cranial nerve 2 a true nerve?

Answer 14

no it is a fiber tract of the brain just like CN I

Question 15

what are the three central connections of the optic nerve?

Answer 15

1. from the pretectal region the edinger-westphal via posterior commissure
2. from the superior colliculi via the tectobulbar and tectospinal tracts to other cranial spinal nuclei
3. from the occipital cortex to other cortical and subcortical areas

Question 16

fibers from what region are responsible for the simple and consensual light reflexes

Answer 16

pretectal region

Question 17

this lesion involves the optic nerve or tract the most common cause is multiple sclerosis

Answer 17

retrobulbar neuritis

Question 18

this lesion of the visual apparatus includes various forms of retinitis ex. proteinuric, syphilitic, diabetic, hemorrhagic, and hereditgary,

Answer 18

optic or bulbar neuritis

Question 19

this lesion of the CN2 is aka’ed choked disc

Answer 19

papilledema

Question 20

this optic lesion is associated with decreased visial acuity and change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, or gray

Answer 20

optic atrophy

Question 21

is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema

Answer 21

primary optic atrophy

Question 22

this type of optic atrophy is a sequel of papilledema

Answer 22

secondary optic atrophy

Question 23

this maybe due to tabes dorsalis multiple sclerosis or herditiary and is an atrophy of the optic nerve

Answer 23

primary ( simple) optic atrophy

Question 24

this syndrome of CN 2 may be caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindess and anosmia, ( with atrophy of the optic and olfactory nerves) and contralateral papilledema

Answer 24

foster Kennedy syndrome

Question 25

this syndrome involving the optic apparatus is AKAed Tay-Sachs disease, cerebromascular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occuring in jewish families and is associated with blindess, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea

Answer 25

Amaurotic familial idiocy

Question 26

syndrome involving the optic apparatus where the pupil reacts only to accommodation. I has neither a direct or indirect reaction to light. found to occur as a diabetic complication

Answer 26

argyll robertson pupil

Question 27

Argyll robertson pupil was once thought to be pathognomonic of tabes dorsalis but now is known to be a complication of what

Answer 27

diabetes

Question 28

a syndrome involving the optic apparatus characterized by a tonic pupillary reaction and the absence of one or more tendon reflexes. the pupil is said to be myotonic with a very slow almost imperceptible contraction to light and in near vision. a slower dilation upon removal of the stimuli.

Answer 28

Holmes-Adie syndrome

Question 29

what test is done to confirm Holmes-Adie Syndrome

Answer 29

Adler-Scheie test

Question 30

deviation of bilateral eye alignment is termed

Answer 30

heterotropia

Question 31

outward/ lateral deviation of the patients eyes when looking straight ahead

Answer 31

exotropia

Question 32

inward medial deviation of the eyes when looking straight ahead

Answer 32

esotropia

Question 33

upward deviation of the eyes when looking straight ahead

Answer 33

hypertropia

Question 34

downward deviation of a patients eyes when looking straight ahead

Answer 34

hypotropia

Question 35

what section of the brain has a primary function to coordinate eye movements also known as yoked movements by interconnecting the nuclei of cranial nerves 3 4 and 6.

Answer 35

Medial longitudinal fasciculus MLF

Question 36

a common disease to affect the MLF ( medial longitudinal Fasciculus) would be? the patient will be unable to laterally gaz but convergence will be spared.

Answer 36

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 37

what supranuclear pathway of the eye controls mostly saccadic ( rapid or darting ) eye movements?

Answer 37

frontal lobe

Question 38

what supranuclear pathway of the eye controls mostly smooth or following eye movements

Answer 38

occipital lobe