JFZ2: Lesson 1 - Existence Verbs Flashcards
- learn the existence verbs "aru" and "iru" - learn the particle "to" (with) (28 cards)
1
Q
always
A
itsumo
2
Q
dog house
A
inugoya
3
Q
one’s home or house
A
uchi
4
Q
bedroom; room
A
heya
5
Q
ball (also a common cat name)
A
tama
6
Q
park
A
kouen
7
Q
police; police station
A
keisatsu
8
Q
McDonald’s
A
makku (abbreviation)
9
Q
every day
A
mainichi
10
Q
every week
A
maishuu
11
Q
every month
A
maitsuki
12
Q
every year
A
maitoshi
13
Q
to be; to have (animate)
A
iru
14
Q
to be; to have (inanimate)
A
aru
15
Q
- the A-form of verbs is used to make the polite verb form.
- we simply add a verb ending to the i-form
A
A: i
16
Q
- oyogu (to swim) – the final hiragana is “gu” which is converted to “A” to make “B”
A
A: gi; B: oyogi
17
Q
Oyogu conjugation
- A (I will swim)
- B (I swam)
- C (I won’t/don’t swim)
- D (I didn’t swim)
A
A: oyogimasu; B: oyogimashita; C: oyogimasen deshita; D: oyogimasen deshita
18
Q
- verbs that don’t end with “ru” for their dictionary form is a A verb.
- ALL other types end in “ru” – for example: B (to come) is an IRREGULAR verb and has special conjugation rules.
A
A: regular; B: kuru
19
Q
- iru/eru verbs end in “ru” and the last 2 hiragana syllables of the verb dictionary form rhyme with “iru” or “eru”
- to conjugate the iru/eru verbs into the polite form, all you do is drop the “ru” and add a verb ending (no hiragana form changes required)
A
.
20
Q
- example: “iru” (to be) is an iru/eru verb bc its last 2 syllables rhyme with “iru”
- coincidentally, this verb not only rhyms with “iru” but it IS “iru”!
- to conjugate it, drop the “ru” and then add a verb ending.
A
.
21
Q
iru conjugation
- A (is there)
- B (was there)
- C (isn’t there)
- D (wasn’t there)
A
A: imasu; B: imashita; C: imasen; D: imasen deshita
22
Q
I wasn’t there last week
A
senshuu imasen deshita
23
Q
I will be there at one o’clock
A
ichi ji imasu
24
Q
- taberu is also an iru/eru verb
- the last 2 hiragana are “beru” which rhymes with “eru”
A
.
25
tabemasu conjugation
- _A_ (will eat)
- _B_ (did eat)
- _C_ (won't eat)
- _D_ (didn't eat)
A: tabemasu; B: tabemashita; C: tabemasen; D: tabemasen deshita
26
Regular Verbs
- ANY dictionary form NOT ending in "ru" is a regular verb
- however, there are SOME verbs that end in "ru" that are also regular
.
27
Regular Verb Polite Conjugation
| - the last hiragana is changed to the _A_ and a verb ending added
A: i-form -- ex: iku -> ikimasu; wakaru -> wakarimasu
28
iru/eru Verbs Polite Conjugation
| - the _A_ is dropped from the end and a verb ending is added
A: ru -- ex: iru -> imasu; taberu -> tabemasu
